Ergenlerin Yalnızlık ve Yaşam Doyumu: Çalgı Çalma ve Müzik Topluluğuna Katılmanın Aracı ve Farklılaştırıcı Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışma, ergenlerin çalgı çalması ve müzik topluluğuna katılmasının, yalnızlık ve yaşam doyumu üstündeki aracı ve farklılaştırıcı bir rolü olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, 8. ve 12. sınıf öğrencilerini kapsamaktadır. Katılımcılar 14-20 (M = 15.99) yaşlarında olup Denizli il merkezinde bulunan bazı ilköğretim okullarına ve liselere giden 144 kız ve 192 erkek olmak üzere toplam 336 ergen öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, öğrencilere kişisel bilgi anketi, yaşam doyumu ölçeği ve UCLA yalnızlık ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Sonuçta, hem çalgı çalmanın ve hem de müzik topluluğuna katılmanın yalnızlık ile yaşam doyumu arasında aracı rolü bulunmamıştır. Bununla beraber, yapılan hiyerarşik analiz sonucunda, hem çalgı çalmanın ve hem de müzik topluluğuna katılmanın yalnızlık ile yaşam doyumu arasında farklılaştırıcı rolü saptanmamıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, tartışma bölümünde, alan yazın kapsamında tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yalnızlık, yaşam doyumu, çalgı çalma, müzik topluluğuna katılma, aracı, farklılaştırıcı

Loneliness and Life Satisfaction of Adolescents: The Mediator and Moderator Role of Playing Musical Instruments and Joining a Band

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediator and moderator role of playing musical instruments and joining a band between loneliness and life satisfaction during adolescence. 336 adolescents, ranging in age from 14 to 20 (M = 15:99), all students attending different departments of the secondary school and high school in Denizli participated as subjects in the study. Data were collected using the Personal information survey, the UCLA Loneliness scale and, the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. The relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction was not mediated by playing musical instruments and joining a band. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that variables of playing musical instruments and joining a band did not moderate the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction. These results are discussed within the scope of the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Loneliness,life of satisfaction,playing musical instruments,participant in music group,mediator,moderator.

Kaynakça

1. Akhunlar, M. N. (2010). An investigation about the relationship between life satisfaction and loneliness of nursing students in Uşak University. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 5, 409–2415.
2. Baron, R. M., & Kenny. D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
3. Barrett, A. E. (1999). Social Support and Life Satisfaction among the Never Married: Examining the Effects of Age. Research on Aging, 21(1), 46-72.
4. Benyaminia, Y., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2004). Self-rated oral health as an independent predictor of self-rated general health, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Social Science ve Medicine, 59, 1109–1116.
5. Bonneville-Roussy, A., Lavigne, G. L. & Vallerand, R. J. (2011). When passion leads to excellence: the case of musicians. Psychology of Music,39: 123-139.
6. Chipuer, H. M., Bramston, P., & Pretty, G. (2003). Determinants of subjective quality of life among rural adolescents: A developmental perspective. Social Indicator Research, 61, pp. 79–95.
7. Costa-Giomi, E. (2004). Achievement, School Performance and Self-Esteem Effects of Three Years of Piano Instruction on Children's Academic Psychology of Music 2004 32: 139-152.
8. Creech, A. & Halam, S. (2011). Learning a musical instrument: The influence of interpersonal interaction onoutcomes for school-aged pupils. Psychology of Music 39: 102-122.

9. Çivitçi, A. (2007). Çokboyutlu Öğrenci Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları [The adaptation of multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability studies]. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 26: 51–60.
10. Çivitçi, N., & Çivitçi, A. (2009). Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 954–958.
11. Çivitçi, N., Çivitçi, A. & Fiyakalı, N. C. (2009). Loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents with divorced and non-divorced parents. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 9(2), 513-525.
12. Demir, A. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23),14-28.
13. Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653–663.
14. Extremera, N., Duran, A., & Rey, L. (2009). The moderating effect of trait meta-mood on perceived stres on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 116–141.
15. Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 115–134.
16. Frisen, A. (2007). Measuring health-related quality of life in adolescence. Acta Paediatrica, 96(7), 963–968.
17. Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 293–301.
18. Goodwin, R., Cook, O., & Yung, Y. (2001). Loneliness and life satisfaction among three cultural groups. Personal Relationships, 8, 225-230.
19. Huebner, E. S. (1994). Preliminary development and validation of a multidimensional life satisfaction scale for children. Psychological Assessment, 6, 149–158.
20. Joshanloo, M., & Afshari, S. (2011). Big five personality traits and self-esteem as predictors of life satisfaction in Iranian Muslim University students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(1), 105- 113.
21. Kapıkıran, Ş. & Yağcı, U. (2010). Ergenlerin yaşam doyumu üzerinde bazı değişkenlerin aracılık ve arabuluculuk rolünün incelenmesi. XIX. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. 28-30 Eylül. Kıbrıs. Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi.
22. Köksal, A. (2000). Müzik eğitimi alma, cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenlere göre ergenlerin empatik becerilerinin ve uyum düzeylerinin incelenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18: 99-107.
23. Leung, C. Y. W., McBride-Chang, C., & Lai, B. P. Y. (2004). Relations among maternal parenting style, academic competence, and life satisfaction in Chinese early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 113-143.
24. Leung, B. W. C., Moneta, G. B. & McBride-Chang, C. (2005). Think positively and feel positively: Optimism and life satisfaction in late life. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61, 4, 335- 365.
25. Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.
26. Lucas, R. E. Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y. & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment altersthe set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15(1), 8-13.
27. Mcpherson, G. E. (2009). The role of parents in children's musical development. Psychology of Music, 37: 91.
28. Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y. & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 213– 218.
29. Mitchell, L. A., MacDonald, R. A. R., Knussen, C. & Serpell, M. G. (2007). A survey investigation of the effects of music listening on chronic pain, Psychology of Music, 35: 37-57.
30. Moore, D. W., & Schultz, N. R. (1983). Loneliness at adolescence: Correlates, attributions, and coping. Journal of Youth and Adolesence, 12(2), 95-100.
31. Neto, F. (1993). The satisfaction with life scale: Psychometrics properties in an adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 125–34.
32. Neto, F. (2001). Satisfaction with life among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), 53-67.
33. Oishi, S., Diener, E. F., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: Perspectives from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin., 25, 980–990.
34. Packer, & Ballantyne, J. (2011). The impact of music festival attendance on young people's psychological and social well-being. 2011 Psychology of Music, 39: 164-181.
35. Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2),164–172.
36. Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L.A. Peplau veD.Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp.1-18) New York: John Wiley.
37. Rife, N. A., Shnek, Z. M., Lauby, J. L., & Lapidus, L. B. (2001). Children’s satisfaction with private music lessons. Journal of Research in Music Education, 49(1), 21–32.
38. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona,C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472- 480.
39. Saarikallio, S. (2010). Music as emotional self-regulation throughout adulthood.Psychology of Music 39(3) 307–327.
40. Saarikallio, S. & Erkkilä, J. (2007).The role of music in adolescents' mood regulationç Psychology of Music 2007 35: 88-109.
41. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
42. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290–312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
43. Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78, 179–203.
44. Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Sinniah, D., Maniam, T., Kannan, K., Stanistreet, D., et al. (2007). General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression: A study with Malaysian medical students. Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 42,161–166.
45. Tuzgöl-Dost, M. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumunun bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Examining Life Satisfaction Levels of University Students in Terms of Some Variables]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi,22 (2), 132-143.
46. Uçan, A. (2005). İnsan ve Müzik, İnsan ve Sanat Eğitimi (3. Baskı). Ankara: Evrensel Müzikevi Yayınları.
47. Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.