Eğitime Yapılan Yatırımlar ve PISA 2015 Sonuçları: Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 0 - 0, 31.07.2019

Ayhan Aydın Abdullah Selvitopu Metin Kaya

https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2018.466346

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Uluslararası Öğrenci Değerlendirme Programı (PISA) 2015 programında en
başarılı olan ülkeler ile Türkiye’nin sonuçlarını eğitim yatırımlarının
dağılımı bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda
çeşitli karşılaştırmalar yapabilmek için en başarılı 10 ülke, Ekonomik
Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ortalaması ve Türkiye’nin sonuçları incelenmiştir. Çalışma,
literatür inceleme çalışmasıdır. Veri inceleme yöntemi olarak doküman analizi
tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, PISA başarısında
gayri safi yurt içi hasıla ile 6-15 yaş grubu toplam eğitim harcamaları miktarı
oranlarının önemli göstergeler olduğu söylenebilir. Diğer yandan çoğu başarılı
ülkede öğretim materyali yeterli düzeyde iken, Türkiye’de özellikle Sosyo
Ekonomik Düzeyi(SED) düşük okullarda yetersizdir. Öğrenci ve öğretmen
oranlarına ilişkin genel, ülkeler arası ve OECD ortalaması, Türkiye ile
karşılaştırıldığında dikkat çekici düzeyde bir farklılaşma bulunmamaktadır.
Türkiye’de (SED)profili düşük okullarda çalışan öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişim
programlarına katılım oranları oldukça düşük düzeydedir. Ayrıca yıllık toplam
ve 6-15 yaş genel toplam ders saatlerinin en başarılı ülkelere göre oldukça
yüksek olmasına rağmen öğrenci performansının istenen düzeyde olmaması,
derslerdeki nitelik sorunlarını gündeme getirmektedir. Buna ek olarak,
Türkiye’nin okul öncesi eğitime katılım oranının diğer ülkelere göre oldukça
düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, eğitimin en temel eğitsel
amaçlarından olan etkin düşünme, algılama, iletişim kurma ve problem çözme
yeteneği gelişmiş bireyler yetiştirmek için eğitim politikalarının sosyal
adalet kavramı çerçevesinde yeniden gözden geçirilmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PISA 2015, Eğitim Yatırımları, Sosyo Ekonomik Düzey, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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