Çok Boyutlu Varoluşsal Anlam Ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Hayatın anlamı konusu psikolojide bireysel tecrübe zemininde ele alınmaya başlandıktan sonra psikolojinin temel araştırma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çabanın önemli bir kısmı, özellikle 1900’lerin ikinci yarısından itibaren onu ölçmeye ve boyutlandırmaya yönelik araştırmalar çerçevesinde gelişmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar, anlamın üç temel bileşene sahip olduğunu ileri sürmüştür: kavrayış, amaç ve önem. Bu araştırmada, bu teorik arka plana dayanan ve ilgili literatürde yeni addedilebilecek Çok Boyutlu Varoluşsal Anlam Ölçeği’nin (ÇBVAÖ) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bu amaç doğrultusunda veriler çevrimiçi olarak toplanmış; çalışma, dilsel eşdeğerlik (n = 30), test–tekrar test (n = 64) ve ana örneklem (n = 312) olmak üzere 3 farklı örneklem üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışmaları kapsamında İngilizce ve Türkçe versiyonlar arasında anlam bütünlüğünün sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yapı geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiş ve ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığı görülmüştür. ÇBVAÖ, yakınsak geçerliği destekleyen anlamın mevcudiyeti ve teorik olarak ilişkili hayat memnuniyeti, mutluluk, dindarlık değişkenleriyle pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler sergilemiştir. Güvenirlik analizleri çerçevesinde, test-tekrar test yöntemiyle ölçeğin zaman içerisindeki tutarlılığının yüksek olduğu ve Cronbach alfa katsayısının genel ölçek için α = .96 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Düzeltilmiş madde toplam test korelasyonları, ölçeğin iç tutarlılığının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, kavrayış, amaç ve önem alt boyutlarından oluşan ÇBVAÖ’nün Türkçe versiyonunun güçlü psikometrik özellikler sergilediğini; klinik tarama ve psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında, ruh sağlığı araştırmalarında ve manevi bakım hizmetlerinde bireylerin anlam düzeylerini değerlendirmede güvenle kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din psikolojisi
• Hayatın Anlamı
• Çok Boyutlu Varoluşsal Anlam Ölçeği
• Mutluluk
• Hayat Memnuniyeti
• Dindarlık
• Geçerlik
• Güvenirlik.

The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

Öz

Once meaning in life began to be examined on the basis of individual experience in psychology, it became one of the field’s core research topics. A substantial portion of this effort—particularly since the second half of the twentieth century—has proceeded within studies aiming to measure and delineate its dimensions. Recent research has proposed that meaning comprises three fundamental components: comprehension, purpose, and mattering. Building on this theoretical background, the present study aimed to adapt the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale (MEMS) into Turkish and to conduct its validity and reliability analyses. In line with this aim, data were collected online, and the study was carried out with three distinct cohorts: linguistic equivalence (n = 30), test–retest (n = 64), and the main sample (n = 312). Within the linguistic equivalence phase, semantic equivalence between the English and Turkish versions was established. To test construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, and the three-component structure of the scale was onfirmed. The MEMS showed positive, significant associations with presence of meaning and with theoretically related variables—life satisfaction, happiness, and religiosity—supporting convergent validity. Regarding reliability, the test–retest method indicated high temporal stability, and Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was calculated as α = .96. Corrected item–total correlations further indicated high internal consistency. Overall, the findings show that the Turkish version of the MEMS, comprising comprehension, purpose, and mattering, exhibits strong psychometric properties and can be used with confidence to assess individuals’ levels of meaning in clinical screening and psychological counseling, in mental health research, and in spiritual care services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychology of Religion
• Meaning in Life
• The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale
• Happiness
• Life Satisfaction
• Religiosity
• Validity
• Reliability.

Kaynakça

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