YAPAY ZEKÂ VE SİYASET: DİJİTAL ÇAĞDA SİYASAL DÖNÜŞÜM

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 569 - 594, 31.12.2025

Yahya Gençay

https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1667772

Öz

Yapay Zekâ (YZ), dijital çağın yeni mimarı olarak, öğrenme, karar alma ve strateji geliştirme gibi ileri düzey özellikleriyle hayatın her alanında köklü değişim ve dönüşümler yaratma potansiyeline sahip bir teknoloji olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, YZ’nin siyasal dönüşüm sürecindeki rolünü yönetişim, demokrasi ve küresel siyaset eksenleri çerçevesinde analiz ederek, teknolojinin siyasal sistemler üzerinde yarattığı fırsatlar ve tehditler arasındaki gerilimi sistematik olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, YZ’nin yalnızca teknolojik bir yenilik değil, aynı zamanda demokratik normları, güç ilişkilerini ve küresel dengeleri yeniden şekillendiren stratejik bir unsur olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Literatür taraması, mevcut politika uygulamaları ve güncel örnekler üzerinden gerçekleştirilen analizin bulgularına göre YZ, siyasal yönetişimde veri odaklı karar alma süreçlerini güçlendirerek politika tasarımında verimlilik artışı sağlamakta, ancak algoritmik önyargılar ve hesap verebilirlik eksikliği nedeniyle demokratik meşruiyeti tehdit edebilmektedir. Demokrasi alanında YZ, siyasal katılımı teşvik ederken, deepfake teknolojileri ve mikro hedefleme gibi araçlarla dezenformasyonu artırarak kamuoyunu manipüle etme riski taşımaktadır. Küresel siyasette ise YZ, dijital diplomasiyi hızlandırırken, teknolojik üstünlük arayışı jeopolitik rekabeti yoğunlaştırmakta ve güç asimetrilerini derinleştirmektedir. Sonuç olarak, YZ’nin derin siyasal etkisi, bu teknolojinin hem yenilikçi bir araç hem de risk kaynağı olarak dikkatle yönetilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, YZ'nin demokratik değerlerle uyumlu kullanımının ancak şeffaf düzenlemeler, etik standartlar ve çok taraflı yönetişim mekanizmalarıyla mümkün olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu dönüşümün yönetimi, teknolojik determinizmi reddeden, insan merkezli ve eleştirel bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ (YZ) , Dijital Siyaset , Demokrasi , Siyasal Dönüşüm

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND POLITICS: POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Öz

Artificial Intelligence (AI), the new architect of the digital age, stands out as a technology with the potential to drive profound change and transformation in every aspect of life with its advanced features such as learning, decision-making, and strategy development. This study analyzes the role of AI in political transformation within the framework of governance, democracy, and global politics, aiming to systematically examine the tension between the opportunities and threats posed by technology in political systems. The study argues that AI is not merely a technological innovation but also a strategic element reshaping democratic norms, power relations, and global power balances. Based on the findings of the analysis conducted through a literature review, existing policy practices, and current examples, AI enhances data-driven decision-making processes in political governance, thereby increasing efficiency in policy design. However, it may undermine democratic legitimacy due to algorithmic biases and accountability deficits. In the realm of democracy, AI promotes political participation while also carrying the risk of manipulating public opinion by amplifying disinformation through tools such as deepfake technologies and microtargeting. In global politics, AI accelerates digital diplomacy, while the pursuit of technological superiority intensifies geopolitical competition and deepens power asymmetries. Ultimately, the profound political impact of AI demonstrates the need for careful management of this technology, both as an innovative tool and a source of risk. The study demonstrates that the use of AI in line with democratic values is only possible through transparent regulations, ethical standards, and multilateral governance mechanisms. Managing this transformation requires a human-centered and critical approach that rejects technological determinism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence (AI) , Digital Politics , Democracy , Political Transformation

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