AFET TEHDİDİ İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK HAZIRLIĞIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, BOLU İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 289 - 306, 31.12.2024

Ezgi Atalay

https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1515191

Öz

Son yıllarda afetlerin nicelik olarak sıklığında artış yaşanması bireysel ve toplumsal hazırlığı önemli bir konu haline getirmiştir. Afetlere psikolojik hazırlık kısaca olumsuz bir durumda duygusal tepkilerle başa çıkma olarak ifade edilebilir. Çalışmanın gerçekleştiği Bolu ili, jeolojik durumu ve iklim özellikleri nedeniyle afet riski yüksek bir bölgededir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Türkiye’de afet potansiyeli yüksek bir il olan Bolu’da yaşayan kişilerin afet tehditlerine karşı psikolojik hazırlık durumları ile ilişkili olabilecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların psikolojik hazırlık durumlarını değerlendirebilmek amacıyla daha önce Türkçeye uyarlanan Afet Tehdidi için Psikolojik Hazırlık Ölçeği nicel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde katılımcıların kronik hastalık, afet eğitim alma, Bolu ilinin afet risklerini bilme, afet çantasına ve afet planına sahip olma, arama-kurtarma becerisine, ilk yardım becerisine sahip olma ve eğitim seviyesi değişkenlerine göre analiz sonuçlarında anlamlılık bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet, medeni durum, ikamet, bir işte çalışma, afet yaşama, afetlerde yakınını kaybetme, çocuk sayısı ve aylık gelir miktarları değişkenlerine göre anlamlılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda afetler karşısında psikolojik hazırlıklı olma konusunda afet öncesinde gerçekleştirilecek eğitimlerin önemi bir yere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar genel anlamda afet konusunda eğitim alan ve afetlere hem arama-kurtarma hem de ilk yardım noktasında müdahale etme yeterliliğine sahip bireylerin afetlere psikolojik olarak daha fazla hazırlıklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra afet çantası ve afet planı gibi fiziksel veya maddi hazırlığın afetlere psikolojik olarak hazırlığı artırdığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet, Afet öncesi, Psikolojik hazırlık., Bolu ili

ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER THREAT, THE CASE OF BOLU PROVINCE

Öz

In recent years, the increase in quantitative frequency of disasters has made individual and social preparedness important. Psychological preparedness to disasters can briefly be defined as coping with emotional reactions in a negative situation. Bolu province where the study was carried out is in an area with a higher risk of disaster due to its geological condition and climate characteristics. In this context, the present study was conducted to determine the factors that might be related with psychological preparedness of the people of Bolu, a Turkish province with a higher potential of disaster, to disaster threats. In order to evaluate the psychological preparedness of the participants, The Psychological Preparedness to Disaster Threat Scale which was previously adapted into Turkish was analyzed using quantitative methods. Evaluating the study results, a significance was found in the analysis results according to variables such as the participants’ state of having a chronic illness, disaster training, knowledge of the disaster risk of Bolu province, bug-out bag and disaster plan, search and rescue skill, first aid skill, as well as their level of education. No significance was found according to variables such as gender, marital status, residence, employment, experience of disaster, state of losing a relative during disasters, number of children and monthly income. The results indicated that predisaster trainings are of prime importance for psychological preparedness to disasters. The results also showed that individuals who have disaster training and competence to intervene in disasters at the point of search and rescue and first aid have a higher level of psychological preparedness to disasters in general. In addition, it was found that physical or material preparedness such as bug-out bag and disaster plan increase the psychological preparedness to disasters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster, Pre-disaster, Psychological preparedness, Bolu province

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