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Change of the Workplace in the Age of Digitalization: Causes and Consequences

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 30, 97 - 113, 02.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.963201

Öz

One of the most important effects of digitalisation in the field of labor law is that it eliminates the obligation to do the job in a specific physical space. Many jobs can now be done anywhere, thanks to virtual platforms or environments created over the internet. Although there are positive aspects of working in the virtual workplace, it causes problems that are difficult to overcome, especially in the field of labor law. New ways of working such as crowdwork and crowdsourcing, which emerged as a result of technological developments in the field of telecommunications, virtualized the workplace and caused many regulations established on the classical workplace concept in labor laws to become inapplicable. It is not possible for labor law, whose main purpose is to create an equitable environment between the employee and the employer, to ignore this development and to remain indifferent to the use of the change in the concept of the workplace in a way that will abolish the rights of the employees.

Kaynakça

  • Aloisi, Antonio. “Commoditized Workers: Case Study Research on Labor Law Issues Arising from a Set of on-Demand/Gig Economy Platforms”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 653-690.
  • Cascio, Wayne F. “Managing a Virtual Workplace”. Academy of Management Executive. 14/3 (2000): 81-90.
  • Codagnone, Cristiano, Fabienne Abadie ve Federico Biagi, The Future of Work in the ‘Sharing Economy’. Sevilya: EC Joint Research Centre, 2016.
  • Davidov, Guy. “Indirect Employment: Should Lead Companies Be Liable?”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/5 (2015): 5-36.
  • De Stefano, Valerio. “The Rise of the Just-in-Time Workforce: On-Demand Work, Crowdwork, and Labor Protection in the Gig-Economy”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 471-504.
  • Degryse, Christophe. Digitalisation of the Economy and its Impact on Labour Markets. Brüksel: European Trade Union Institute, 2016.
  • Estellés-Arolas, Enrique, Raúl Navarro-Giner ve Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara. “Crowdsourcing Fundamentals: Definition and Typology”. Advances in Crowdsourcing. Der. Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon, Ignacio Gil-Pechuán, Sofia Estelles-Miguel. Springer, 2015: 33-48.
  • Gerber, Christine ve Martin Krzywdzinski. “Brave New Digital Work? New Forms of Performance Control in Crowdwork”. Work and Labor in the Digital Age. Der. Steven P. Vallas, Anne Kovalainen. Bingley: Emerald. 2019: 121-143.
  • Hamblin, Heather. “Employees’ Perspectives on One Dimension of Labour Flexibility: Working At A Distance”. Work, Employment & Society. 9/3 (1995): 473-498.
  • Heeks, Richard. Decent Work and the Digital Gig Economy: A Developing Country Perspective on Employment Impacts and Standards in Online Outsourcing, Crowdwork, etc. Manchester: Centre for Development Informatics Global Development Institute, 2017.
  • Howcroft, Debra ve Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn, “A Typology of Crowdwork Platforms”. Work, Employment and Society. 33/1 (2019): 21-38.
  • Jeff Howe, “The Rise of Crowdsourcing”, Wired Magazine. 14.06 (2006): 1-5.
  • Kittur, Aniket, Jeffrey V. Nickerson, Michael Bernstein, Elizabeth Gerber, Aaron Shaw, John Zimmerman, Matt Lease ve John Horton. “The Future of Crowd Work”. Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘13). New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2013, 1301–1318.
  • Li, Wei, Wei-Tek Tsai ve Wenjun Wu. “Crowdsourcing for Large-Scale Software Development”. Crowdsourcing: Cloud-Based Software Development. Der. Wei Li, Michael N. Huhns, Wei-Tek Tsai, Wenjun Wu, Springer, 2015: 3-24.
  • Prassl, Jeremias ve Martin Risak. “Uber, Taskrabbit, and Co.: Platforms as Employers - Rethinking the Legal Analysis of Crowdwork”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 619-652.
  • Roig-Tierno, Norat, Cristina Blasco-Carreras, Alicia Mas-Tur ve Belén Ribeiro-Navarrete. “Using Crowdsourcing to Overcome Barriers to Women Entrepreneurship”. Advances in Crowdsourcing. Der. Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon, Ignacio Gil-Pechuán, Sofia Estelles-Miguel. Springer, 2015: 119-128.
  • Schess, Nancy B. “Then and Now: How Technology Has Changed the Workplace”. Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal. 30/2 (2013): 435-458.
  • Schulte, Julian, Katharina D. Schlicher ve Günter W. Maier, “Working Everywhere and Every Time? - Chances and Risks in Crowdworking and Crowdsourcing Work Design”. Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie. 51 (2020): 59-69.
  • Serfling, Oliver. Crowdworking Monitor Nr. 1, Bundesministerium Für Arbeit und Soziales, 2018.
  • Steinberger, Ben Z. “Redefining Employee in the Gig Economy: Shielding Workers from the Uber Model”. Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law. 23/2 (2018): 577-596.
  • Travis, Michelle A. “Equality in the Virtual Workplace”. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law. 24/2 (2003): 283-376.
  • Yorğun, Sayım. Ekonomik Politikalar ve Endüstri İlişkilerinin Geleceği. İstanbul: Beta Basım, 2019.

Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 30, 97 - 113, 02.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.963201

Öz

Dijitalleşmenin iş hukuku alanındaki en önemli etkilerinden birisi, işin belirli bir fiziksel mekânda görülmesi zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırmış olmasıdır. Bu makalede, dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle ortaya çıkan değişimin neden olduğu birtakım güncel hukuki problemler ele alınmakta ve bunların çözümüne yönelik önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Artık pek çok iş sanal platformlar veya internet üzerinden oluşturulan ortamlar sayesinde herhangi bir yerde yapılabilmektedir. Sanal işyerinde çalışmanın olumlu yönleri bulunsa da özellikle iş hukuku alanında içinden çıkılması zor sorunların doğmasına sebep olmaktadır. Telekomünikasyon alanındaki teknolojik gelişmelerin sonucunda doğan kitle çalışması ve kitle kaynak kullanımı gibi yeni çalışma şekilleri, işyerini sanallaştırmış ve iş yasalarında klasik işyeri kavramı üzerine tesis edilen pek çok düzenlemenin uygulanamaz hale gelmesine sebep olmuştur. Bağımlılık unsurundaki aşınmanın doğurduğu bu durumun çağın ihtiyaçları da dikkate alınarak geliştirilecek yeni yorum yöntemleri ve oluşturulacak yeni kavramlarla aşılması mümkün ve gereklidir. Temel amacı işçi ve işveren arasında hakkaniyetli bir ortam oluşturmak olan iş hukukunun bu gelişmeyi göz ardı etmesi ve işyeri kavramındaki değişimin çalışanların haklarını ortadan kaldıracak şekilde kullanılmasına kayıtsız kalması mümkün değildir.

Kaynakça

  • Aloisi, Antonio. “Commoditized Workers: Case Study Research on Labor Law Issues Arising from a Set of on-Demand/Gig Economy Platforms”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 653-690.
  • Cascio, Wayne F. “Managing a Virtual Workplace”. Academy of Management Executive. 14/3 (2000): 81-90.
  • Codagnone, Cristiano, Fabienne Abadie ve Federico Biagi, The Future of Work in the ‘Sharing Economy’. Sevilya: EC Joint Research Centre, 2016.
  • Davidov, Guy. “Indirect Employment: Should Lead Companies Be Liable?”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/5 (2015): 5-36.
  • De Stefano, Valerio. “The Rise of the Just-in-Time Workforce: On-Demand Work, Crowdwork, and Labor Protection in the Gig-Economy”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 471-504.
  • Degryse, Christophe. Digitalisation of the Economy and its Impact on Labour Markets. Brüksel: European Trade Union Institute, 2016.
  • Estellés-Arolas, Enrique, Raúl Navarro-Giner ve Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara. “Crowdsourcing Fundamentals: Definition and Typology”. Advances in Crowdsourcing. Der. Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon, Ignacio Gil-Pechuán, Sofia Estelles-Miguel. Springer, 2015: 33-48.
  • Gerber, Christine ve Martin Krzywdzinski. “Brave New Digital Work? New Forms of Performance Control in Crowdwork”. Work and Labor in the Digital Age. Der. Steven P. Vallas, Anne Kovalainen. Bingley: Emerald. 2019: 121-143.
  • Hamblin, Heather. “Employees’ Perspectives on One Dimension of Labour Flexibility: Working At A Distance”. Work, Employment & Society. 9/3 (1995): 473-498.
  • Heeks, Richard. Decent Work and the Digital Gig Economy: A Developing Country Perspective on Employment Impacts and Standards in Online Outsourcing, Crowdwork, etc. Manchester: Centre for Development Informatics Global Development Institute, 2017.
  • Howcroft, Debra ve Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn, “A Typology of Crowdwork Platforms”. Work, Employment and Society. 33/1 (2019): 21-38.
  • Jeff Howe, “The Rise of Crowdsourcing”, Wired Magazine. 14.06 (2006): 1-5.
  • Kittur, Aniket, Jeffrey V. Nickerson, Michael Bernstein, Elizabeth Gerber, Aaron Shaw, John Zimmerman, Matt Lease ve John Horton. “The Future of Crowd Work”. Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘13). New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2013, 1301–1318.
  • Li, Wei, Wei-Tek Tsai ve Wenjun Wu. “Crowdsourcing for Large-Scale Software Development”. Crowdsourcing: Cloud-Based Software Development. Der. Wei Li, Michael N. Huhns, Wei-Tek Tsai, Wenjun Wu, Springer, 2015: 3-24.
  • Prassl, Jeremias ve Martin Risak. “Uber, Taskrabbit, and Co.: Platforms as Employers - Rethinking the Legal Analysis of Crowdwork”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 37/3 (2016): 619-652.
  • Roig-Tierno, Norat, Cristina Blasco-Carreras, Alicia Mas-Tur ve Belén Ribeiro-Navarrete. “Using Crowdsourcing to Overcome Barriers to Women Entrepreneurship”. Advances in Crowdsourcing. Der. Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon, Ignacio Gil-Pechuán, Sofia Estelles-Miguel. Springer, 2015: 119-128.
  • Schess, Nancy B. “Then and Now: How Technology Has Changed the Workplace”. Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal. 30/2 (2013): 435-458.
  • Schulte, Julian, Katharina D. Schlicher ve Günter W. Maier, “Working Everywhere and Every Time? - Chances and Risks in Crowdworking and Crowdsourcing Work Design”. Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie. 51 (2020): 59-69.
  • Serfling, Oliver. Crowdworking Monitor Nr. 1, Bundesministerium Für Arbeit und Soziales, 2018.
  • Steinberger, Ben Z. “Redefining Employee in the Gig Economy: Shielding Workers from the Uber Model”. Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law. 23/2 (2018): 577-596.
  • Travis, Michelle A. “Equality in the Virtual Workplace”. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law. 24/2 (2003): 283-376.
  • Yorğun, Sayım. Ekonomik Politikalar ve Endüstri İlişkilerinin Geleceği. İstanbul: Beta Basım, 2019.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Erol 0000-0003-1018-1602

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

APA Erol, A. (2021). Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları. İnsan Ve İnsan, 8(30), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.963201
AMA Erol A. Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları. İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi. Ekim 2021;8(30):97-113. doi:10.29224/insanveinsan.963201
Chicago Erol, Abdullah. “Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri Ve Sonuçları”. İnsan Ve İnsan 8, sy. 30 (Ekim 2021): 97-113. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.963201.
EndNote Erol A (01 Ekim 2021) Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları. İnsan ve İnsan 8 30 97–113.
IEEE A. Erol, “Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları”, İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 30, ss. 97–113, 2021, doi: 10.29224/insanveinsan.963201.
ISNAD Erol, Abdullah. “Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri Ve Sonuçları”. İnsan ve İnsan 8/30 (Ekim 2021), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.963201.
JAMA Erol A. Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları. İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi. 2021;8:97–113.
MLA Erol, Abdullah. “Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri Ve Sonuçları”. İnsan Ve İnsan, c. 8, sy. 30, 2021, ss. 97-113, doi:10.29224/insanveinsan.963201.
Vancouver Erol A. Dijitalleşme Çağında İşyerinin Değişimi: Sebepleri ve Sonuçları. İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi. 2021;8(30):97-113.