Dijital Diplomaside Büyük Dil Modelleri: Fırsatlar ve Riskler
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1 - 23, 09.12.2024
Erman Akıllı
,
Murat Şimşek
Öz
Bu makale, Büyük Dil Modellerinin (BDM) dijital diplomasi üzerindeki etkilerini ve uluslararası ilişkilerdeki rolünü incelemektedir. BDM’ler, dil bariyerlerini aşarak, gerçek zamanlı çeviri ile karşılıklı anlayışı artırma ve diplomatik iletişimleri otomatikleştirme yoluyla diplomatik süreçleri iyileştirme potansiyeline sahiptir. Ancak, yanıltıcı bilgi yayılma (halüsinasyon) riski ve veri güvenliği önlemleri gereksinimi gibi önemli zorluklar da beraberinde getirmektedir. BDM’lerin potansiyelini diplomaside tam olarak kullanabilmek ve bu riskleri azaltmak için uluslararası standartlar ve etik kuralların inşa edilmesi şarttır.
Kaynakça
- Akıllı, E. (2022). Diplomaside dijital dönüşüm ve Türkiye. Sabah. https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/perspektif/erman-akilli/2022/01/01/diplomaside-dijital-donusum-ve-turkiye
- Akıllı, E. (2022). The Metaverse Diplomacy: A Future Vision for Türkiye. Insight Turkey, 24(3), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2022243.6
- Akıllı, E., Güner, O., & Cihanoğlu Gülen, G. (2024). Türkiye’s Digital Diplomacy Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities. E. Akıllı, B. Güneş, & O. Güner (Eds.), Digital Diplomacy in the OSCE Region: From Theory to Practice (pp. 67-77). Springer.
- Akıllı, E. (2024). Promise of the LLMs - The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. SETA. https://www.setav.org/en/perspective-promise-of-the-llms-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/
- Alvarez, R. M., Eberhardt, F., & Linegar, M. (2023). Generative AI and the future of elections. Caltech Center for Science, Society, and Public Policy Policy Brief.
- Bjola, C., & Holmes, M. (Eds.). (2015). Making sense of digital diplomacy. In Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice. Routledge.
- Bloomberg. (2023). Generative AI takes stereotypes and bias from bad to worse. https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2023-generative-ai-bias/
- Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., ... Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Computation and Language. doi:2005.14165.
- Christen, P. (2012). Data matching: Concepts and techniques for record linkage, entity resolution, and duplicate detection. Springer.
- Devlin, J., Chang, M. W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) (pp. 4171-4186).
- European Parliament. (2024, March 13). MEPs adopt landmark law [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-
act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
- Japan.go.jp. (2024, February). Hiroshima AI process. Retrieved from https://www.japan.go.jp/kizuna/2024/02/hiroshima_ai_process.html
- Kan, K. (2024). The Impact of Digital Diplomacy on Security: The Case of the Russia–Ukraine War. E. Akıllı, B. Güneş, & O. Güner (Eds.), Digital Diplomacy in the OSCE Region: From Theory to Practice (pp. 67-77). Springer.
- Kreps, S., & Kriner, D. (n.d.). How generative AI impacts democratic engagement. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-generative-ai-impacts-democratic-engagement/
- Linegar, M., Kocielnik, R., & Alvarez, R. M. (2023). Large Language Models And Political Science. Frontiers In Political Science, 5. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2023.1257092
- Liu, Y., Ott, M., Goyal, N., Du, J., Joshi, M., Chen, D., ... Stoyanov, V. (2020). Roberta: A Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining Approach. Computation and Language. Doi:1907.11692.
- Lyu, C., Du, Z., Xu, J., Duan, Y., Wu, M., Lynn, T., ... Wang, L. (2024). A paradigm shift: The future of machine translation lies with large language models. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.01181
- Moslem, Y., Haque, R., Kelleher, J. D., & Way, A. (2023). Adaptive machine translation with large language models. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.13294
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. AI Policy Observatory. Retrieved from https://oecd.ai/en/23
- Otal, H. T., & Canbaz, M. A. (2024). LLM-assisted crisis management: Building advanced LLM platforms for effective emergency response and public collaboration. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.10908
- Connor, M., & O’Neill, M. (2023). Large language models in sport science & medicine: Opportunities, risks and considerations. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.03851
- Özdemir, G. S. (2023). Navigating the EU AI Act: Exploring Challenges Amidst the Evolving Global Regulatory Landscape. SETA. https://www.setav.org/en/perspective-navigating-the-eu-ai-act-exploring-challenges-amidst-the-evolving-global-regulatory-landscape/
- Pokhriyal, N., & Koebe, T. (2023). AI-assisted diplomatic decision-making during crises—Challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Big Data
- Rawte, V., Chakraborty, S., Pathak, A., Sarkar, A., Tonmoy, S. M. T. I., Chadha, A., Sheth, A. P., & Das, A. (2023). The troubling emergence of hallucination in large language models -- An extensive definition, quantification, and prescriptive remediations. Artificial Intelligence. Doi: 2310.04988.
- Riordan, S. (2022). Time for diplomacy to better engage with technology. Australian Institute of International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/time-for-diplomacy-to-better-engage-with-technology/
- Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., ... Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need. In Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 5998-6008).
- Westcott, N. (2008). Digital diplomacy: The impact of the Internet on international relations. OII Working Paper No. 16.
- Zhao, W. X., Zhou, K., Li, J., Tang, T., Wang, X., Hou, Y., ... Wen, J. R. (2023). A survey of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.18223.
Large Language Models in Digital Diplomacy: Opportunities And Risks
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1 - 23, 09.12.2024
Erman Akıllı
,
Murat Şimşek
Öz
This study explores the impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on digital diplomacy and their role in international relations. LLMs have the potential to enhance diplomatic processes by overcoming language barriers, increasing mutual understanding through real-time translation, and automating diplomatic communications. However, they also present significant challenges, including risks of misinformation and the need for robust data security measures. Developing international standards and ethical guidelines for the use of LLMs in diplomatic contexts is essential to fully leverage their potential and mitigate associated risks. Emphasizing human oversight in the deployment of LLMs in sensitive diplomatic scenarios will ensure that digital diplomacy improves rather than complicates international relations.
Kaynakça
- Akıllı, E. (2022). Diplomaside dijital dönüşüm ve Türkiye. Sabah. https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/perspektif/erman-akilli/2022/01/01/diplomaside-dijital-donusum-ve-turkiye
- Akıllı, E. (2022). The Metaverse Diplomacy: A Future Vision for Türkiye. Insight Turkey, 24(3), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2022243.6
- Akıllı, E., Güner, O., & Cihanoğlu Gülen, G. (2024). Türkiye’s Digital Diplomacy Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities. E. Akıllı, B. Güneş, & O. Güner (Eds.), Digital Diplomacy in the OSCE Region: From Theory to Practice (pp. 67-77). Springer.
- Akıllı, E. (2024). Promise of the LLMs - The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. SETA. https://www.setav.org/en/perspective-promise-of-the-llms-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/
- Alvarez, R. M., Eberhardt, F., & Linegar, M. (2023). Generative AI and the future of elections. Caltech Center for Science, Society, and Public Policy Policy Brief.
- Bjola, C., & Holmes, M. (Eds.). (2015). Making sense of digital diplomacy. In Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice. Routledge.
- Bloomberg. (2023). Generative AI takes stereotypes and bias from bad to worse. https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2023-generative-ai-bias/
- Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., ... Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Computation and Language. doi:2005.14165.
- Christen, P. (2012). Data matching: Concepts and techniques for record linkage, entity resolution, and duplicate detection. Springer.
- Devlin, J., Chang, M. W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) (pp. 4171-4186).
- European Parliament. (2024, March 13). MEPs adopt landmark law [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-
act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
- Japan.go.jp. (2024, February). Hiroshima AI process. Retrieved from https://www.japan.go.jp/kizuna/2024/02/hiroshima_ai_process.html
- Kan, K. (2024). The Impact of Digital Diplomacy on Security: The Case of the Russia–Ukraine War. E. Akıllı, B. Güneş, & O. Güner (Eds.), Digital Diplomacy in the OSCE Region: From Theory to Practice (pp. 67-77). Springer.
- Kreps, S., & Kriner, D. (n.d.). How generative AI impacts democratic engagement. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-generative-ai-impacts-democratic-engagement/
- Linegar, M., Kocielnik, R., & Alvarez, R. M. (2023). Large Language Models And Political Science. Frontiers In Political Science, 5. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2023.1257092
- Liu, Y., Ott, M., Goyal, N., Du, J., Joshi, M., Chen, D., ... Stoyanov, V. (2020). Roberta: A Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining Approach. Computation and Language. Doi:1907.11692.
- Lyu, C., Du, Z., Xu, J., Duan, Y., Wu, M., Lynn, T., ... Wang, L. (2024). A paradigm shift: The future of machine translation lies with large language models. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.01181
- Moslem, Y., Haque, R., Kelleher, J. D., & Way, A. (2023). Adaptive machine translation with large language models. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.13294
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. AI Policy Observatory. Retrieved from https://oecd.ai/en/23
- Otal, H. T., & Canbaz, M. A. (2024). LLM-assisted crisis management: Building advanced LLM platforms for effective emergency response and public collaboration. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.10908
- Connor, M., & O’Neill, M. (2023). Large language models in sport science & medicine: Opportunities, risks and considerations. Computation and Language. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.03851
- Özdemir, G. S. (2023). Navigating the EU AI Act: Exploring Challenges Amidst the Evolving Global Regulatory Landscape. SETA. https://www.setav.org/en/perspective-navigating-the-eu-ai-act-exploring-challenges-amidst-the-evolving-global-regulatory-landscape/
- Pokhriyal, N., & Koebe, T. (2023). AI-assisted diplomatic decision-making during crises—Challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Big Data
- Rawte, V., Chakraborty, S., Pathak, A., Sarkar, A., Tonmoy, S. M. T. I., Chadha, A., Sheth, A. P., & Das, A. (2023). The troubling emergence of hallucination in large language models -- An extensive definition, quantification, and prescriptive remediations. Artificial Intelligence. Doi: 2310.04988.
- Riordan, S. (2022). Time for diplomacy to better engage with technology. Australian Institute of International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/time-for-diplomacy-to-better-engage-with-technology/
- Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., ... Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need. In Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 5998-6008).
- Westcott, N. (2008). Digital diplomacy: The impact of the Internet on international relations. OII Working Paper No. 16.
- Zhao, W. X., Zhou, K., Li, J., Tang, T., Wang, X., Hou, Y., ... Wen, J. R. (2023). A survey of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.18223.