Social Media Self-Presentation Scale: Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study

Öz

Social media platforms allow individuals to present and shape themselves, with the tendency to leave a positive impression on those who follow them. For example, an increase in the number of followers or an increase in the number of views, likes and comments of individuals can lead to them being more accepted by others. This situation may lead individuals to make carefully prepared posts in order to generate more interaction on social media platforms. Therefore, it can be seen that one of the most important factors for individuals to use social media is to present themselves and introduce themselves. Self-presentation makes sense of individuals' identities in different social contexts and covers a broad perspective, including the complexity of their inner worlds and the depth of their personal experiences. Social media users' self-presentation choices may vary according to their purposes, their current and potential audiences, or their socio-psychological contexts. The Social Media Self-Presentation Scale (SMSPS) was adapted into Turkish from the study conducted by Michikyan, Dennis & Subrahmanyam (2015). The original scale is called “The Self-Presentation on Facebook Questionnaire (SPFBQ)” and consists of three main dimensions: “the real self, the ideal self and the false self”. In addition, the false self is divided into three deception, exploration and compare/impress, and the scale consists of a total of 17 questions and 5 dimensions to measure self-presentation on Facebook. Minas Michikyan was contacted for the adaptation of the related study into Turkish, and after obtaining the approval of the scale via e-mail, validity and reliability studies were conducted under Turkish conditions by converting the scale into general questions to cover not only Facebook but also other social media accounts. After the items of the scale were translated into Turkish by language experts, a pilot study was conducted on 120 people by taking the opinions of academics who are experts in the field to make the translation expressions clear and understandable, and the questions of the scale were finalised within the framework of feedback. In this direction, by the purpose of the study, the Facebook-specific items in the original scale were adapted as general "social media self-presentation" in the research conducted by taking expert opinions and ensuring language compatibility by maintaining the integrity of the meaning of the questions in the scale. The results of the skewness and kurtosis values of the scale indicated a normal distribution. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test yielded a value of 0.873, and the Barlett's test result was statistically significant, indicating that the data were suitable for factor analysis. In the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) conducted to elucidate the factor structure of the scale, five items with low factor loadings were removed, and the remaining 12 items were grouped into two sub-dimensions. Despite the original scale comprising five dimensions, the factor analysis yielded only three for inclusion in the evaluation: the Real Self, False Self-Deception and False Self-Compare/Impress dimensions. The Ideal Self and the False Self-Exploration dimensions were excluded from the evaluation in accordance with the results of the EFA. These factors collectively explained 52.5% of the total variance. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = .089, GFI = .929, AGFI = .891, CFI = .892, IFI = .892, SRMR = .087), the 12 items forming the scale are associated with a scale structure comprising two sub-dimensions (False and Real Self). In this context, the objective was to ascertain whether the participants in the study were genuinely representing their identities in their everyday lives on social media, or whether they were attempting to portray a different identity. To evaluate the internal consistency reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient was considered. The results indicated that the total scale had an α coefficient of 0.76, the false self had an α coefficient of 0.85, and the real self had an α coefficient of 0.71. This demonstrated that the internal consistency reliability of the SMSPS was satisfactory. The scale's stability was evaluated using the test-retest method, and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.79 for the total scale, 0.81 for the false self, and 0.71 for the real self. This indicated that the SMSPS exhibited good stability over time. In line with the validity and reliability values of the Social Media Self-Presentation scale, it is evaluated as being used to evaluate false and real self-states. Within the framework of the findings obtained, it is recommended that future studies examine it in different sample groups and examine its relationship with different scales that may be related to self-presentation in order to determine the criterion relationship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Social Media
• Self-Presentation
• False Self
• Real Self
• Scale Adaptation

Sosyal Medya Benlik Sunumu Ölçeği: Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Bireylerin kendileri hakkındaki öznel değerlendirmelerini diğer bireylere yansıtırken oluşturmak istedikleri izlenimleri, benlik sunumu aracılığıyla inşa edilmektedir. Bireylerin sosyal medyayı kullanmasının altında yatan önemli etkenlerden birisi, bu platformların benlikleri sunmak amacıyla da kullanılabilmesidir. Sosyal medya kullanıcılarının benlik sunumlarına ilişkin seçimleri, onların amaçlarına, mevcut ve potansiyel hitap ettikleri takipçilerine veya sosyo-psikolojik bağlamlarına göre değişebilmektedir. Sosyal medya benlik sunumu, bireylerin çevrim içi ortamlarda idealize ederek sundukları sahte benlikleri veya gerçekte olduğu gibi sergiledikleri benlikleri ile kendilerini başkalarına nasıl sunduklarını ifade etmektedir. Sosyal Medya Benlik Sunumu Ölçeği (SMBSÖ), Michikyan, Dennis & Subrahmanyam (2015) tarafından yapılan çalışmadan Türkçeye uyarlanmıştır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını ortaya çıkarmak için yapılan açıklayıcı faktör analizinde, ölçek 12 maddeye indirgenmiş ve 2 alt boyutta (Sahte Benlik ve Gerçek Benlik) toplanmıştır. Bu faktörler toplam varyansın %52.5’ini açıklamaktadır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi bulgularında da bu iki faktörlü yapının daha iyi uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. SMBSÖ genel iç tutarlılığı 0.76 ve genel test-tekrar test güvenirliği ise 0.79 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları SMBSÖ’nün Türkiye’de yeterli düzeyde geçerliği ve güvenirliği sınanmış bir ölçek olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyal Medya
• Benlik Sunumu
• Sahte Benlik
• Gerçek Benlik
• Ölçek Uyarlama

Kaynakça

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