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Sürdürülebilir Tüketim ve Planlı Eskitme: Nitel Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 63 - 74, 29.12.2025

Öz

Planlı eskitme, ürünlerin bilinçli olarak sınırlı bir ömre sahip olacak şekilde tasarlanmasıdır. Bu strateji, tüketicilerin belirli aralıklarla yeni ürünler satın almasını teşvik eder. Tüketici cephesinde ise planlı eskitme stratejileri tüketicilerin modayı ve yenilikleri yakından takip etme ve yeni ürün tüketme arzularını uyarmaktadır. Bu durum tüketicilerin duygusal ve bilişsel suistimalini beraberinde getirmekte ve çeşitli finansal gerilimler oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmanın konusunu, günümüzün aşırı üretim ve tüketim koşullarında planlı eskitmenin ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlamaktan veya ülkelerin finansal büyüme merkezli refahına hizmet etme amacından uzaklaşması oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte planlı eskitme üretim ve tüketimin sürdürülebilir olmasına karşı önemli bir engel olması ayrıca tüketici güvenini zedeleme, aşırı atık miktarı ve çevresel zararlar gibi olumsuz sonuçlar doğurduğu varsayımı ile hareket etmektedir. Çalışma bir yandan planlı eskitme konusunda tüketici farkındalığını yükseltirken diğer yandan pazarlama ve reklam uzmanlarına planlı eskitme hakkında güncel bir bakış açısı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak kapsamlı bir literartür taraması ile betimsel ve eleştirel bir yaklaşım sunulmaktadır. Çalışma planlı eskitme uygulamasının amaçları nelerdir? Planlı eskitme uygulamasının sektörel görünürlükleri nasıl gerçekleşmektedir? Planlı eskitme uygulamalarının yol açtığı sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri neler olabilir? Gibi araştırma sorularından hareket etmekte, ayrıca reklamcılığın planlı eskitme stratejilerindeki taşıyıcı yönü aynı eleştirel çerçevede ele alınarak ileriye yönelik analitik çözüm önerileri ortaya koyulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, V., Kavadias, S., Toktay, L.B. (2016). The Limits Of Planned Obsolescence For Conspicuous Durable Goods. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 18(2), 216-226.
  • Aydın, M., Kuldaş, E. (2024). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Bağlamında Ataerkil Bakışın Reklamlarda Tekrar Üretilmesi. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 554-572.
  • Barbon, N. (1905). A discourse of trade. Tho. Milbourn.
  • Barros, M., Dimla, E. (2021). From Planned Obsolescence To The Circular Economy In The Smartphone Industry: An Evolution Of Strategies Embodied İn Product Features. Proceedings of the Design Society, 1, 1607-1616.
  • Baša, K., Szabó Farkas, E. (2022). Buying Behavior and Planned Obsolescence İn The Fashion Industry. Social & Economic Revue, 20 (2).
  • Bilici, F. (2023). Tüketicilerin Planlı Ürün Eskitme Algılarının Satın Alma Karar ve Tutumları Üzerindekı̇ Etkilerı̇: Akıllı Telefonlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Doktora tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)
  • Bisschop, L., Hendlin, Y., Jaspers, J. (2022). Designed To Break: Planned Obsolescence As Corporate Environmental Crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, 78(3), 271-293.
  • Colwell, P.F. (1991). Functional Obsolescence And An Extension Of Hedonic Theory. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4(1), 49-58.
  • Cooper, T., (Ed.). (2010). Daha Uzun Ömürlü Ürünler: Tek Kullanımlık Ürünler Toplumuna Alternatifler (1. baskı). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315592930
  • Cooper, T. (2005). Slower Consumption Reflections On Product Life Spans and the “Throwaway Society”. Journal of industrial Ecology, 9(1‐2), 51-67.
  • Çerçi, M., Tosun, N.Z. (2021). Planlı Eskitme Kavramı Bağlamında Tüketici Tutumları. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (37), 1-19.
  • Doğan, T., Doğan, S. (2025). Representatıon Of The Brand By Image: Semıotıc Analysıs Of Automobıle Logos. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 10(1), 100-126.
  • Ekins, P., Domenech Aparisi, T., Drummond, P., Bleischwitz, R., Hughes, N., Lotti, L. (2020). The Circular Economy: What, Why, How and Where. Background paper for an OECD/EC Workshop on 5 July 2019within the workshop series “Managing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities”, Paris.
  • Elton, E. J., Gruber, M. J. (1976). On The Optimality Of An Equal Life Policy For Equipment Subject To Technological Improvement. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 27(1), 93-99.
  • Fillman, E. (2023). Comprehensive Right to Repair: The Fight Against Planned Obsolescence In Canada. Dalhousie J. Legal Stud., 32, 123.
  • Fukasawa, T. (2025). When Do Firms Sell High Durability Products? The Case Of Light Bulb Industry. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.23792.
  • Fishman, A., Gandal, N., Shy, O. (1993). Planned Obsolescence As An Engine Of Technological Progress. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 361-370.
  • Fletcher, K. (2017). Exploring Demand Reduction Through Design, Durability And ‘Usership’of Fashion Clothes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2095), 20160366.
  • Guiltinan, J. (2009). Creative Destruction And Destructive Creations: Environmental Ethics And Planned Obsolescence. Journal of business ethics, 89(Suppl 1), 19-28.
  • https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/promoting-sustainable-consumption_351d2dc6-en.html Erişim Tarihi: 19/08/2025
  • https://www.halteobsolescence.org/10-ans-delit-d-obsolescence-programmee/?utm Erişim Tarihi: 13/08/2025
  • https://www.wired.com/story/product-lifespans/ Erişim Tarihi: 26/08/2025
  • https://www.sikayetvar.com/planli?k=eskime Erişim Tarihi: 10/10/2025
  • https://www.patagonia.com/stories/dont-buy-this-jacket-black-friday-and-the-new-york-times/story- 18615.html Erişim Tarihi: 10/10/2025
  • Iizuka, T. (2007). An Empirical Analysis Of Planned Obsolescence. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 16(1), 191-226.
  • Kanlıtepe, M.A., Özgül, E. (2021). Tüketicilerin Planlı Eskitme Konusunda Bilgi Ve Bilinç Düzeyleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 36(4), 961-979.
  • Kuppelwieser, V.G., Klaus, P., Manthiou, A., Boujena, O. (2019). Consumer Responses To Planned Obsolescence. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 157-165.
  • Lawlor, R. (2015). Delaying Obsolescence. Science and engineering ethics, 21(2), 401-427.
  • London, B. (1932). https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097035273&seq=9 Erişim Tarihi: 18/08/2025
  • Mansfield, J.R., Pinder, J.A. (2008). “Economic” And “Functional” Obsolescence: Their Characteristics And Impacts On Valuation Practice. Property Management, 26(3), 191-206.
  • Maycroft, N. (2009). Consumption, Planned Obsolescence And Waste. University of Lincoln, 3-37.
  • McDonald, J. (2003). A Ghost's Memoir: The Making Of Slfred P. Sloan's My Years With General Motors. MIT Press.
  • Mellal, M.A. (2020). Obsolescence–A Review Of The Literature. Technology in Society, 63, 101347.
  • Nair, S.K., Hopp, W.J. (1992). A Model For Equipment Replacement Due To Technological Obsolescence. European Journal of Operational Research, 63(2), 207-221.
  • Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska, M., Stańczyk, E., Gardocka-Jałowiec, A., Grodek-Szostak, Z., Niemczyk, A., Szalonka, K., Homa, M. (2021). A Strategy For Planned Product Aging In View Of Sustainable Development Challenges. Energies, 14(22), 7793.
  • Öztürk, M. (2023). Bir Pazarlama Stratejisi Olarak: Planlı Eskitme Kavramı. Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar-IV (pp. 17-29). Bayram, A.T. (ed.). Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub144.c772
  • Packard, V., McKibben, B. (1963). The Waste Makers. Harmondsworth: Penguin books.
  • Roberts, J. (2008). Nylon and Bombs: DuPont and the March of Modern America. Technology and Culture, 49(2), 493-494.
  • Rose, C.M., Ishii, K. (1999). Product End-Of-Life Strategy Categorization Design Tool. Journal of Electronics Manufacturing, 9(01), 41-51.
  • Satyro, W.C., Sacomano, J.B., Contador, J.C., Telles, R. (2018). Planned Obsolescence Or Planned Resource Depletion? A Sustainable Approach. Journal of cleaner production, 195, 744-752.
  • Soto Pineda, J., Prada Salmoral, M. (2017). A Juridical'Theory'of Planned Obsolescence. Available at SSRN 2966052.
  • Sharma, R., Kshetri, N. (2020). Digital Healthcare: Historical Development, Applications, And Future Research Directions. International Journal of Information Management, 53, 102105.
  • Sierra-Fontalvo, L., Gonzalez-Quiroga, A., Mesa, J.A. (2023). A Deep Dive Into Addressing Obsolescence In Product Design: A Review. Heliyon, 9(11).
  • Takara, K. (2023). Batterygate: An Ethical Analysis of Apple's Infamous Multimillion Dollar Mistake.
  • Tuominen, J. (2021). Planned Obsolescence In The Age Of Sustainability. Alternatives To Disposable Technology.
  • Vergara, D., Extremera, J., Rubio, M.P., Davila, L.P. (2020). The Technological Obsolescence Of Virtual Reality Learning Environments. Applied Sciences, 10(3), 915.
  • Wieser, H., Obsolescence, B.P. (2016). https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.25.3.5
  • Zallio, M., Berry, D. (2017). Design and Planned Obsolescence. Theories and Approaches for Designing Enabling Technologies. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S3749-S3761.

Sustainable Consumption And Planned Obsolescence: A Qualitative Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 63 - 74, 29.12.2025

Öz

Planned obsolescence is the deliberate design of products to have a limited lifespan. This strategy encourages consumers to purchase new products at regular intervals.. On the consumer side, planned obsolescence strategies stimulate consumers' desire to closely follow fashion and innovations and consume new products. This situation leads to emotional and cognitive abuse of consumers and creates various financial tensions.
The study focuses on the fact that, under today's conditions of excessive production and consumption, planned obsolescence deviates from its purpose of contributing to economic growth or serving the financial growth-centered welfare of countries. Furthermore, it operates on the assumption that planned obsolescence is a significant obstacle to sustainable production and consumption, and that it also leads to negative consequences such as undermining consumer confidence, excessive waste, and environmental damage. The study aims to raise consumer awareness of planned obsolescence while also providing marketing and advertising professionals with an updated perspective on planned obsolescence. A comprehensive literature review, combined with a descriptive and critical approach, is used to achieve these goals. The study explores research questions such as: What are the objectives of planned obsolescence? How is planned obsolescence implemented in the sector? What problems and potential solutions arise from planned obsolescence? Furthermore, the role of advertising as a driver of planned obsolescence strategies is examined within the same critical framework, and prospective analytical solutions are proposed.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, V., Kavadias, S., Toktay, L.B. (2016). The Limits Of Planned Obsolescence For Conspicuous Durable Goods. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 18(2), 216-226.
  • Aydın, M., Kuldaş, E. (2024). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Bağlamında Ataerkil Bakışın Reklamlarda Tekrar Üretilmesi. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 554-572.
  • Barbon, N. (1905). A discourse of trade. Tho. Milbourn.
  • Barros, M., Dimla, E. (2021). From Planned Obsolescence To The Circular Economy In The Smartphone Industry: An Evolution Of Strategies Embodied İn Product Features. Proceedings of the Design Society, 1, 1607-1616.
  • Baša, K., Szabó Farkas, E. (2022). Buying Behavior and Planned Obsolescence İn The Fashion Industry. Social & Economic Revue, 20 (2).
  • Bilici, F. (2023). Tüketicilerin Planlı Ürün Eskitme Algılarının Satın Alma Karar ve Tutumları Üzerindekı̇ Etkilerı̇: Akıllı Telefonlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Doktora tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)
  • Bisschop, L., Hendlin, Y., Jaspers, J. (2022). Designed To Break: Planned Obsolescence As Corporate Environmental Crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, 78(3), 271-293.
  • Colwell, P.F. (1991). Functional Obsolescence And An Extension Of Hedonic Theory. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4(1), 49-58.
  • Cooper, T., (Ed.). (2010). Daha Uzun Ömürlü Ürünler: Tek Kullanımlık Ürünler Toplumuna Alternatifler (1. baskı). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315592930
  • Cooper, T. (2005). Slower Consumption Reflections On Product Life Spans and the “Throwaway Society”. Journal of industrial Ecology, 9(1‐2), 51-67.
  • Çerçi, M., Tosun, N.Z. (2021). Planlı Eskitme Kavramı Bağlamında Tüketici Tutumları. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (37), 1-19.
  • Doğan, T., Doğan, S. (2025). Representatıon Of The Brand By Image: Semıotıc Analysıs Of Automobıle Logos. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 10(1), 100-126.
  • Ekins, P., Domenech Aparisi, T., Drummond, P., Bleischwitz, R., Hughes, N., Lotti, L. (2020). The Circular Economy: What, Why, How and Where. Background paper for an OECD/EC Workshop on 5 July 2019within the workshop series “Managing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities”, Paris.
  • Elton, E. J., Gruber, M. J. (1976). On The Optimality Of An Equal Life Policy For Equipment Subject To Technological Improvement. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 27(1), 93-99.
  • Fillman, E. (2023). Comprehensive Right to Repair: The Fight Against Planned Obsolescence In Canada. Dalhousie J. Legal Stud., 32, 123.
  • Fukasawa, T. (2025). When Do Firms Sell High Durability Products? The Case Of Light Bulb Industry. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.23792.
  • Fishman, A., Gandal, N., Shy, O. (1993). Planned Obsolescence As An Engine Of Technological Progress. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 361-370.
  • Fletcher, K. (2017). Exploring Demand Reduction Through Design, Durability And ‘Usership’of Fashion Clothes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2095), 20160366.
  • Guiltinan, J. (2009). Creative Destruction And Destructive Creations: Environmental Ethics And Planned Obsolescence. Journal of business ethics, 89(Suppl 1), 19-28.
  • https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/promoting-sustainable-consumption_351d2dc6-en.html Erişim Tarihi: 19/08/2025
  • https://www.halteobsolescence.org/10-ans-delit-d-obsolescence-programmee/?utm Erişim Tarihi: 13/08/2025
  • https://www.wired.com/story/product-lifespans/ Erişim Tarihi: 26/08/2025
  • https://www.sikayetvar.com/planli?k=eskime Erişim Tarihi: 10/10/2025
  • https://www.patagonia.com/stories/dont-buy-this-jacket-black-friday-and-the-new-york-times/story- 18615.html Erişim Tarihi: 10/10/2025
  • Iizuka, T. (2007). An Empirical Analysis Of Planned Obsolescence. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 16(1), 191-226.
  • Kanlıtepe, M.A., Özgül, E. (2021). Tüketicilerin Planlı Eskitme Konusunda Bilgi Ve Bilinç Düzeyleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 36(4), 961-979.
  • Kuppelwieser, V.G., Klaus, P., Manthiou, A., Boujena, O. (2019). Consumer Responses To Planned Obsolescence. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 157-165.
  • Lawlor, R. (2015). Delaying Obsolescence. Science and engineering ethics, 21(2), 401-427.
  • London, B. (1932). https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097035273&seq=9 Erişim Tarihi: 18/08/2025
  • Mansfield, J.R., Pinder, J.A. (2008). “Economic” And “Functional” Obsolescence: Their Characteristics And Impacts On Valuation Practice. Property Management, 26(3), 191-206.
  • Maycroft, N. (2009). Consumption, Planned Obsolescence And Waste. University of Lincoln, 3-37.
  • McDonald, J. (2003). A Ghost's Memoir: The Making Of Slfred P. Sloan's My Years With General Motors. MIT Press.
  • Mellal, M.A. (2020). Obsolescence–A Review Of The Literature. Technology in Society, 63, 101347.
  • Nair, S.K., Hopp, W.J. (1992). A Model For Equipment Replacement Due To Technological Obsolescence. European Journal of Operational Research, 63(2), 207-221.
  • Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska, M., Stańczyk, E., Gardocka-Jałowiec, A., Grodek-Szostak, Z., Niemczyk, A., Szalonka, K., Homa, M. (2021). A Strategy For Planned Product Aging In View Of Sustainable Development Challenges. Energies, 14(22), 7793.
  • Öztürk, M. (2023). Bir Pazarlama Stratejisi Olarak: Planlı Eskitme Kavramı. Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar-IV (pp. 17-29). Bayram, A.T. (ed.). Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub144.c772
  • Packard, V., McKibben, B. (1963). The Waste Makers. Harmondsworth: Penguin books.
  • Roberts, J. (2008). Nylon and Bombs: DuPont and the March of Modern America. Technology and Culture, 49(2), 493-494.
  • Rose, C.M., Ishii, K. (1999). Product End-Of-Life Strategy Categorization Design Tool. Journal of Electronics Manufacturing, 9(01), 41-51.
  • Satyro, W.C., Sacomano, J.B., Contador, J.C., Telles, R. (2018). Planned Obsolescence Or Planned Resource Depletion? A Sustainable Approach. Journal of cleaner production, 195, 744-752.
  • Soto Pineda, J., Prada Salmoral, M. (2017). A Juridical'Theory'of Planned Obsolescence. Available at SSRN 2966052.
  • Sharma, R., Kshetri, N. (2020). Digital Healthcare: Historical Development, Applications, And Future Research Directions. International Journal of Information Management, 53, 102105.
  • Sierra-Fontalvo, L., Gonzalez-Quiroga, A., Mesa, J.A. (2023). A Deep Dive Into Addressing Obsolescence In Product Design: A Review. Heliyon, 9(11).
  • Takara, K. (2023). Batterygate: An Ethical Analysis of Apple's Infamous Multimillion Dollar Mistake.
  • Tuominen, J. (2021). Planned Obsolescence In The Age Of Sustainability. Alternatives To Disposable Technology.
  • Vergara, D., Extremera, J., Rubio, M.P., Davila, L.P. (2020). The Technological Obsolescence Of Virtual Reality Learning Environments. Applied Sciences, 10(3), 915.
  • Wieser, H., Obsolescence, B.P. (2016). https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.25.3.5
  • Zallio, M., Berry, D. (2017). Design and Planned Obsolescence. Theories and Approaches for Designing Enabling Technologies. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S3749-S3761.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Arzu Kazaz 0000-0003-1076-4234

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kazaz, A. (2025). Sürdürülebilir Tüketim ve Planlı Eskitme: Nitel Bir İnceleme. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), 11(2), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.1809325

Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi