The sensory characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder: teachers' observation.

Öz

The study aimed to identify the sensory characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as estimated by their teachers. Descriptive surveying approach was used to suit the nature of the study. The researchers selected a simple random sample consisting of (40) teachers from (6) centres for autistic children in Amman, Jordan. The tool used in this study was a checklist consisted of 38 items. The collected data were analysed and then expressed through means and standard deviations. In addition, t-test was used to determine significance of the differences. The results revealed that the sensory characteristics of children with ASD were often evident in the study sample. The characteristics of children with ASD in the sensory domain were ranked as follows: First; tactile stimuli, second; olfactory and tasting stimulants, third; visual stimuli, and finally the auditory stimuli. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the study sample attributed to age except the tactile stimuli and the differences were in the favour of age (3-6). Implications and recommendations are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• children,autism spectrum disorder,sensory characteristics,special education teachers

Kaynakça

1. American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
2. Ausderau, K., Sideris, J., Furlong, M., Little, LM., Bulluck, J. & Baranek, GT. (2014). National survey of sensory features in children with ASD: factor structure of the sensory experience questionnaire (3.0). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44 (4), 915-925. https://doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1945-1.
3. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, et al. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2018; 67 (No. SS-6):1–23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 Baranek, G. T., Foster, L. G., & Berkson, G. (1997). Tactile defensiveness and stereotyped behaviours. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(2), 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.51.2.91.
4. Baranek, G. T., David, F. J., Poe, M. D., Stone, W. L., & Watson, L. R. (2006). Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: Discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 47 (6), 591–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 7610.2005.01546.x.
5. Ben-Sasson, A., Cermak, S. A., Orsmond, G. I., Tager-Flusberg, H., Carter, A. S., Kadlec, M. B., & Dunn, W. (2007). Extreme sensory modulation behaviours in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(5), 584–592. https://doi.org/ 10.5014/ajot.61.5.584.
6. Ben-Sasson, A., Hen, L., Fluss, R., Cermak, SA., Engel-Yeger, B., Gal, E.(2009). A meta-analysis of sensory modulation symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39 (1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0593-3.
7. Bettison, S. (1994). Abnormal responses to sound and the long-term effects of a new treatment program. Sydney, Australia: Autism Research Institute.
8. Caplan, B., Feldman, M., Eisenhower, A. & Blacher, J. (2016). Student–Teacher Relationships for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Risk and Protective Factors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46 (12), 3653-3666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2915-1.

9. Cesaroni, L., & Garber, M. (1991). Exploring the experience of autism through first hand accounts. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02207327.
10. Chamak, B., Bonniau, B., Jaunay, E. & Cohen, D. (2008). What can we learn about autism from autistic persons? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77 (5), 271- 279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000140086.
11. Dugas, C., Simard, M.-N., Fombonne, E., & Couture, M. (2018): Comparison of two tools to assess sensory features in children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72 (1), 1-9, https://doi. org/10.5014/ajot.2018.024604.
12. Frieden, T. R., Jaffe, H. W., Cono, J., Richards, C. L., & Iademarco, M. F.; Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators; Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years-Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 63, 1–21.
13. Gillberg, C., & Coleman, M. (1996). Autism and medical disorders: A review of literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38 (3), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15081.x.
14. Gillberg, C., & Coleman, M. (2000: The biology of autistic syndromes. London: Cambridge Press.
15. Glod, M., Riby, D. M., Honey, E., & Rodgers, J. (2015). Psychological correlates of sensory processing patterns in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2 (2), 199–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-015-0047-8.
16. Greenspan, S. I., & Weider, S. (1997). Developmental patterns and outcomes in infants and children with disorders relating and communicating: A chart review of 200 cases of children with autistic spectrum diagnoses. Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders, 1(1), 87–142.
17. Green, D., Chandler, S., Charman, T., Simonoff, E. & Baird, G. (2016). Brief report: DSM-5 sensory behaviours in children with and without an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46 (11), 3597-3606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2881-7.
18. Hazen, E. P., Stornelli, J. L., O’Rourke, J. A., Koesterer, K., & McDougle, C. J. (2014): Sensory symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22 (2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HRP.0000445143.08773.58.
19. Jones, CR., Happé, F., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Marsden, AJ., Tregay, J., Phillips, RJ., Goswami, U., Thomson, JM. & Charman, T. (2009). Auditory discrimination and auditory sensory behaviours in autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychologia, 47 (13), 2850-2858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.015
20. Kientz, M. A., & Dunn, W. (1997): A comparison of the performance of children with and without autism on the Sensory Profile. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51 (7), 530–537. https://doi.org/ 10.5014/ajot.55.4.416.
21. Kulage, K., Smaldone, A. & Cohn, E. (2014). How Will DSM-5 Affect Autism Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44 (8), 1918-1932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2.
22. Lane, AE., Molloy, CA. & Bishop, SL. (2014): Classification of children with autism spectrum disorder by sensory subtype: a case for sensory-based phenotypes. Autism Research, 7 (3), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1368.
23. Muratori, F., Tonacci, A., Billeci, L., Catalucci, T., Igliozzi, R., Calderoni, S. & Narzisi, A. (2017). Olfactory Processing in Male Children with Autism: Atypical Odor Threshold and Identification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47 (10), 3252–3252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3291-.
24. Marshall RD, Spitzer R, Liebowitz MR. (1999). Review and Critique of the New DSM-IV Diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 1677–1685. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.11.1677.
25. Rellini, E., Tortolani, D., Trillo, S., Carbone, S. & Montecchi, F. (2004). Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC) Correspondence and Conflicts with DSM-IV Criteria in Diagnosis of Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34 (6), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-004-5290-2.
26. Repetto, L., Jasmin, E., Fombonne, E., Gisel, E. & Couture, M. (2017): A Longitudinal Study of Sensory Features in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Research and Treatment, Volume 2017, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1934701.
27. Rounsaville BJ, Alarcón RD, Andrews G, Jackson JS, Kendell RE, Kendler K. (2002). Basic nomenclature issues for DSM-V. In: Kupfer D, First MB, Regier DE, editors. A Research Agenda for DSM-V. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2002.
28. Sabatos-DeVito, M., Schipul, SE., Bulluck, JC., Belger, A. & Baranek GT. (2016). Eye Tracking Reveals Impaired Attention Disengagement Associated with Sensory Response Patterns in Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46 (4), 1319-1333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2681-5.
29. Sakarneh, M. (2014a). Quality Teaching: The Perspectives of the Jordanian Inclusive Primary School Stakeholders and the Ministry of Education. International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4, 26-40. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v6n4p26
30. Sakarneh, M. (2014b). Quality Teaching Practices in the Jordanian Inclusive Primary Classrooms. Asian Social Science, Vol. 10, No. 19, 113-123. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n19p113.
31. Sakarneh, M. (2015). Articulation of Quality Teaching: A Comparative Study. Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 3, N. 1, 7-20. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i1.579.
32. Sakarneh, M., Paterson, D. & Minichiello, V. (2016). The Applicability of the NSW Quality Teaching Model to the Jordanian Primary School Context. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, Volume 43, Supplement. 4, 1773-1789.
33. Samson, A. C., Phillips, J. M., Parker, K. J., Shah, S., Gross, J. J., & Hardan, A. Y. (2014). Emotion dysregulation and the core features of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44 (7), 1766–1772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2022-5
34. Schaaf, R. C., & Lane, A. E. (2015). Toward a best-practice protocol for assessment of sensory features in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45 (5), 1380–1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2299-z.
35. Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994). Early recognition of children with autism: A study of first birthday home videotapes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24 (3), 247–257.
36. Posar, A. & Visconti, P. (2018): Sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal de Pediatria, 94 (4), 342-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.08.008.
37. Tavassoli, T., Bellesheim, K., Siper, PM., Wang, AT., Halpern, D., Gorenstein, M., Grodberg, D., Kolevzon, A. & Buxbaum, J. (2016). Measuring sensory reactivity in autism spectrum disorder: application and simplification of a clinician administered sensory observation scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46 (1), 287- 293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2578-3.
38. Tomchek, S. D., & Case-Smith, J. (2009: Occupational therapy practice guidelines for children and adolescents with autism. Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.
39. Herman M. van Praag. (2000). Nosologomania: A Disorder of Psychiatry. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1(3), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622970009150584.
40. Watson, L. R., Patten, E., Baranek, G. T., Poe, M., Boyd, B. A., Freuler, A., & Lorenzi, J. (2011). Differential associations between sensory response patterns, language, social and communication measures in children with autism or other developmental disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54 (6), 1562–1576. https:// doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388 (2011/10-0029).
41. Yasuda, Y., Hashimoto, R., Nakae, A., Kang, H., Ohi, K., Yamamori, H., Fujimoto, M., Hagihira, S. & Takeda, M. (2016). Sensory cognitive abnormalities of pain in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 15 (8), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-016-0095-1.
42. Zureiqat, Ibrahim &Imam, Muhammad. (2007). Psychological and educational evaluation of sample of autistic children (in Arabic). The 14th Annual Conference, Psychological Counselling Centre, Ain Shams University, Egypt.