Ebeveynler Arası Çatışma ve Beliren Yetişkinlerin Psikolojik Sıkıntıları: Bilişsel Değerlendirmeler Önemli Mi?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 831 - 841, 31.12.2019

Yalçın Özdemir , Ali Serdar Sağkal

https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.513399

Cited By: 1

Öz

Ebeveynler arası çatışmaya maruz kalma, beliren
yetişkinlikte psikolojik problemler için önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Bu
çalışmada, ebeveynler arası çatışma, bilişsel değerlendirmeler ve psikolojik
sıkıntı arasındaki bağlantılar incelenmiştir. Yaşları 18 ile 27 (ORT = 19.86,
SS = 1.54) arasında değişen toplam 313 beliren yetişkin (228 kadın, %72.8; 85
erkek, %27.2) çalışmada yer almıştır. Katılımcılar, Çocukların Evlilik
Çatışmasını Algılaması Ölçeği (CPIC), CPIC’ın Tehdit ve Kendini Suçlama alt
boyutları ile Kısa Semptom Envanteri’ni (KSE) doldurmuşlardır. Araştırma
bulguları, ebeveynler arası çatışmanın beliren yetişkinlikte tehdit ve kendini
suçlama değerlendirmelerini doğrudan etkilediğini göstermiştir. Çoklu aracılık
analizlerinden elde edilen bulgular, tehdit ve kendini suçlama algılarının
ebeveynler arası çatışma ve psikolojik sıkıntı arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık
ettiğini göstermiştir. Başka bir deyişle, araştırmada ebeveynler arası
çatışmanın artan tehdit ve kendini suçlama algılarıyla bağlantılı olduğu; bunun
da daha fazla psikolojik sıkıntıyla ilişkilendiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma
bulguları, ebeveynler arası çatışmaya maruz kalmanın çocukluk ve ergenlik
dönemlerinin de ötesinde hala potansiyel bir risk faktörü olduğunu
göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ebeveynler arası çatışma, bilişsel değerlendirmeler, psikolojik sıkıntı, beliren yetişkinler

Interparental Conflict and Emerging Adults’ Psychological Distress: Do Cognitive Appraisals Matter?

Öz

Exposure to
interparental conflict is a risk factor for psychological problems in emerging
adulthood. The present study explored the links among interparental conflict,
cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress in emerging adulthood. Three
hundred thirteen emerging adults (228 females, 72.8%; 85 males, 27.2%) between
the ages of 18 to 27 (M = 19.86, SD = 1.54) participated in the research.
Participants completed measures of Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale
(CPIC), Threat and Self-blame scales of the CPIC, and Brief Symptom Inventory
(BSI). Findings showed that interparental conflict directly affected the
appraisals of threat and self-blame in emerging adulthood. Results from
multiple mediation analyses indicated that appraisals of threat and self-blame
fully mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and
psychological distress. That is, interparental conflict was linked to
increased appraisals of threat and self-blame, which in turn was related to
greater psychological distress. Results suggest that exposure to interparental
conflict is still a potential risk factor beyond childhood and adolescence
period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Interparental conflict, cognitive appraisals, psychological distress, emerging adults, structural model

Kaynakça

• Allen, K. & Mitchell, S. (2015). Perceptions of parental intimate relationships and their affects on the experience of romantic relationship development among African American emerging adults. Marriage & Family Review, 51, 516-543. doi:10.1080/01494929.2015.1038409Amos Development Corporation (2012). User-defined estimands. Retrieved from http://amosdevelopment.com/index.htmlAmato, P. R. & Sobolewski, J. M. (2001). The effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being. American Sociological Review, 66(6), 900–921. doi: 10.2307/3088878Anderson, J. C. & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.Atkinson, E. R., Dadds, M. R., Chipuer, H., & Dawe, S. (2009). Threat is a multidimensional construct: Exploring the role of children’s threat appraisals in the relationship between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 281-292. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9275-zBagozzi, R. P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.Bickham, N. L. & Fiese, B. H. (1997). Extension of the Children’s Perceptions of Interparental Conflict Scale for use with late adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 246-250. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.11.2.246Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.Chisholm, L. & Hurrelmann, K. (1995). Adolescence in modern Europe: Pluralized transition patterns and their implications for personal and social risks. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 129-158. doi: 10.1006/jado.1995.1010Crocetti, E. & Meeus, W. (2014). Identity statuses: advantages of a person-centered approach. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.) (2013), The Oxford handbook of identity development. New York: Oxford University Press.Cummings, E. M. & Davies, P. T. (2002). Effects of marital conflict on children: Recent advances and emerging themes in process-oriented research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(1), 31-63. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00003Cummings, E. M. & Davies, P. T. (2010). Marital conflict and children: An emotional security perspective. New York: The Guilford Press.Cummings, E. M., George, M. R. W., McCoy, K. P., & Davies, P. T. (2012). Interparental conflict in kindergarten and adolescent adjustment: Prospective investigation of emotional security as an explanatory mechanism. Child Development, 83(5), 1703-1715. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01807.x Cummings, E. M., Schermerhorn, A. C., Keller, P. S., & Davies, P. T. (2008). Parental depressive symptoms, children's representations of family relationships, and child adjustment. Social Development, 17(2), 278-305. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00425.xDavis, K. A. & Epkins, C. C. (2009). Do private religious practices moderate the relation between family conflict and preadolescents’ depression and anxiety symptoms? The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(5), 693-717. doi: 10.1177/0272431608325503Derogatis, L. R. & Spencer, P. M. (1982). Administration and procedures: BSI manual I. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.Fosco, G. M., DeBoard, R. L., & Grych, J. H. (2007). Making sense of family violence: Implications of children's appraisals of interparental aggression for their short and longterm functioning. European Psychologist, 12(1), 6–16, doi:10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.6Fosco, G. M. & Grych, J. H. (2008). Emotional, cognitive, and family systems mediators of children’s adjustment to interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 843-854. doi:10.1037/a0013809Grych, J. H. & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 267-290.Grych, J. H. & Fincham, F. D. (1993). Children's appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive‐contextual framework. Child Development, 64(1), 215-230. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02905.xGrych, J. H., Fincham, F. D., Jouriles, E. N., & McDonald, R. (2000). Interparental conflict and child adjustment: Testing the mediational role of appraisals in the cognitive‐contextual framework. Child Development, 71(6), 1648-1661. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00255Grych, J. H., Harold, G. T., & Miles, C. J. (2003). A prospective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Child Development, 74, 1176-1193. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00600Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63(3), 558-572. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01646.xHayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. In E. P. Bucy, & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), Sourcebook for political communication research: Methods, measures and analytical techniques (pp. 434–465). New York: Routledge.Herrenkohl, T. I., Kosterman, R., Hawkins, J. D., & Mason, A. (2009). Effects of growth in family conflict in adolescence on adult depressive symptoms: Mediating and moderating effects of stress and school bonding. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(2), 146-152. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.005Keeports, C. R. & Pittman, L. D. (2017). I wish my parents would stop arguing! The impact of interparental conflict on young adults. Journal of Family Issues, 38(6), 839-857. doi: 10.1177/0192513X15613821 Keller, P. S., Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Mitchell, P. M. (2008). Longitudinal relations between parental drinking problems, family functioning, and child adjustment. Developmental Psychopathology, 20(1), 195−212. doi: 10.1017/S09545794080000Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.Little, T. D., Cunningham W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1Moura, O., dos Santos R. A., Rocha, M., & Matos, P. M. (2010). Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC): Factor structure and invariance across adolescents and emerging adults. International Journal of Testing, 10(4), 364-382. doi: 10.1080/15305058.2010.487964Preacher, K. J. & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.Santiago, C. D. & Wadsworth, M. E. (2009). Coping with family conflict: What’s helpful and what’s not for low-income adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 192-202. doi: 10.1007/s10826-008-9219-9Sahin, N. H. & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri: Türk gençleri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44–56.Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.Ulu, İ. P. & Fışıloğlu, H. (2004). Çocukların Evlilik Çatışmasını Algılaması Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 7(14), 61-75.Zill, N., Morrison, D. R., & Coiro, M. J. (1993). Long-term effects of parental divorce on parent-child relationships, adjustment, and achievement in young adulthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(1), 91-103.Zimet, D. M. & Jacob, T. (2001). Influences of marital conflict on child adjustment: Review of theory and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(4), 319-335. doi: 10.1023/A:1013595304718