Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki

Nursel Topkaya; Kadriye Erva Albayrak; Nurbanu Yurdusever; İrem Bozkurt

doi:10.17679/inuefd.467128

Araştırma Makalesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 503 - 517, 31.08.2020

Nursel Topkaya Kadriye Erva Albayrak Nurbanu Yurdusever İrem Bozkurt

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between intentions to seek help, anticipated benefits of disclosing oneself to a counselor, self-stigma of seeking psychological help, gender, age, and previous help seeking experience among undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 1283 students (M= 21.37, SD= 3.14) completed to Intentions to Seek Counseling Inventory, Disclosure Expectations Scale, and Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale. Data were examined using Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that gender and self-stigma of seeking help were negative predictors of intention to seek help while, anticipated benefits of disclosing of oneself to a counselor was a positive predictor of intention to seek help. However, previous help seeking experience and age were not found to be related to help-seeking intentions. Consequently, practitioners working in the field of psychological counseling and guidance may implement activities to raise awareness who were in need of psychological help about the possible benefits of psychological counseling and guidance services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

help-seeking intentions, gender, self-stigma of seeking help, anticipated benefits, self-disclosure, previous help seeking experience, age, undergraduate students

Kaynakça

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 50, 179-211.
Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W. G., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G.,…Bruffaerts, R. (2016). Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 46, 2955–2970.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Kılıç Çakmak, E. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (24.baskı.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Cornally, N., & McCarthy, G. (2011). Help-seeking behaviour for the treatment of chronic pain. British Journal of Community Nursing, 16(2), 90-98.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35-53.
Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s wellbeing: A theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 1385-1401.
Dean, K. E., Long, A. C., Matthews, R. A., & Buckner, J. D. (2018). Willingness to seek treatment among Black students with anxiety or depression: The synergistic effect of sociocultural factors with symptom severity and intolerance of uncertainty. Behavior therapy, 49(5), 691-701.
Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2012). Help-seeking for mental health on college campuses: Review of evidence and next steps for research and practice. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 20, 222–232. doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.712839
Feldt, L. S., Woodruff, D. J. ve Salih, F. A. (1987). Statistical inference for Coefficient Alpha. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11(1), 93-103. doi:10.1177/014662168701100107
Field, A. P. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4. bs.). London: Sage.
Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F., & Marshall, P. (2005). Men and health help-seeking behaviour: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49(6), 616-623.
Good, G. E., & Wood, P. K. (1995). Male gender role conflict, depression, and help seeking: Do college men face double jeopardy?. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74(1), 70-75.
Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
Hackler, A. H., Vogel, D. L., & Wade, N. G. (2010). Attitudes toward seeking professional help for an eating disorder: The role of stigma and anticipated outcomes. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(4), 424-431.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. bs.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Hammer, J. H., Vogel, D. L., & Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R. (2013). Men's help seeking: Examination of differences across community size, education, and income. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14(1), 65-75.
Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 3-10.
Johnson, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., Kelly, M. T., Galdas, P., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2012). Men’s discourses of help-seeking in the context of depression. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34(3), 345-361.
Kessler, R. C., Foster, C. L., Saunders, W. B., & Stang, P. E. (1995). Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(7), 1026-1032.
Lannin, D. G., Vogel, D. L., Brenner, R. E., Abraham, W. T., & Heath, P. J. (2016). Does self-stigma reduce the probability of seeking mental health information?. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(3), 351-358.
Li, W., Denson, L. A., & Dorstyn, D. S. (2017). Help-seeking intentions and behaviors among Mainland Chinese college students: integrating the theory of planned behavior and behavioral model of health services use. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 39(2), 125-148.
Li, W., Denson, L. A., & Dorstyn, D. S. (2018). Understanding Australian university students’ mental health help-seeking: An empirical and theoretical investigation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(1), 30-40.
Li, W., Dorstyn, D. S., & Denson, L. A. (2014). Psychosocial correlates of college students’ help-seeking intention: A meta-analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(3), 163-170.
Lipson, S. K., Gaddis, S. M., Heinze, J., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015). Variations in student mental health and treatment utilization across US colleges and universities. Journal of American College Health, 63, 388–396.
Livingston, J. D., & Boyd, J. E. (2010). Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 71(12), 2150-2161.
McDermott, R. C., Cheng, H.-L., Wong, J., Booth, N., Jones, Z. ve Sevig, T. (2017). Hope for Help-Seeking: A Positive Psychology Perspective of Psychological Help-Seeking Intentions. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(2), 237-265. doi:10.1177/0011000017693398
Mooi, E. ve Sarstedt, M. (2011). A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics. Berlin: Springer.
Nash, S., Sixbey, M., An, S., & Puig, A. (2017). University students’ perceived need for mental health services: A study of variables related to not seeking help. Psychological services, 14(4), 502.
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2012). College students speak: A survey report on mental health. 30.03.2017 tarihinde www.nami.org/namioncampus adresinden alınmıştır.
Oexle, N., Müller, M., Kawohl, W., Xu, Z., Viering, S., Wyss, C., ... & Rüsch, N. (2018). Self-stigma as a barrier to recovery: a longitudinal study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 268(2), 209-212.
Oswalt, S. B., Lederer, A. M., & Chestnut-Steich, K. (2018). Who is willing to come back? college students’ willingness to seek help after using campus mental health services. Journal of American College Health, (just-accepted), 1-19.
Pietkiewicz, I. J., & Bachryj, D. (2016). Help-seeking attitudes and coping strategies among Roman Catholic secular clergy. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(1), 13-24.
Pietruszka, T. D. (2007). Barriers to college student utilization of mental health services: A path model (Doctor of Philosophy). University of Memphis, Memphis.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems. Australian e-journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4(3), 218-251.
Şahin, N. G. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kendini açma, öznel iyi oluş ve algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Schnyder, N., Panczak, R., Groth, N., & Schultze-Lutter, F. (2017). Association between mental health-related stigma and active help-seeking: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(4), 261-268.
Seidman, A. J., Lannin, D. G., Heath, P. J., ve Vogel, D. L. (2018). Setting the stage: The effect of affirming personal values before psychotherapy intake screenings on perceptions of self-stigma and self-disclosure. Stigma and Health. Advance online publication. 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sah0000140
Shaffer, P. A., Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. (2006). The mediating roles of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits, and attitudes on the decision to seek professional help: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 442.
Soygür, H., & Özalp, E. (2005). Şizofreni ve damgalanma sorunu. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medical Sciences, 1(12), 74-80.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self. L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology içinde (C. 21, ss. 261-302). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60229-4
Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (6. bs.). Harlow: Pearson Education.
Topkaya, N. (2011a). Psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin sosyal damgalanma, tedavi korkusu, beklenen yarar, beklenen risk ve tutum faktörleriyle modellenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Topkaya, N. (2011b). Psikolojik yardım alma nedeniyle kendini damgalama ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, sunulmuş bildiri, İzmir.
Topkaya, N., & Meydan, B. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin problem yaşadıkları alanlar, yardım kaynakları ve psikolojik yardım alma niyetleri. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 25-37.
Vogel, D. L. ve Wester, S. R. (2003). To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(3), 351-361.
Vogel, D. L., Armstrong, P. I., Tsai, P. C., Wade, N. G., Hammer, J. H., Efstathiou, G., ... & Topkaya, N. (2013). Cross-cultural validity of the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale: Examination across six nations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 303-310.
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 325-337.
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2008). Emotional expression and the decision to seek therapy: The mediating roles of the anticipated benefits and risks. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(3), 254-278.
Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., Wei, M., & Boysen, G. A. (2005). The role of outcome expectations and attitudes on decisions to seek professional help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 459-470.
Wang, P. S., Lang, M., & Olfson, M. (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 629-640.
West, M. L., Vayshenker, B., Rotter, M., & Yanos, P. T. (2015). The influence of mental illness and criminality self-stigmas and racial self-concept on outcomes in a forensic psychiatric sample. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(2), 150 – 157.
Yousaf, O., Popat, A. ve Hunter, M. S. (2015). An investigation of masculinity attitudes, gender, and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(2), 234-237. doi:10.1037/a0036241
Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., & Golberstein, E. (2009). Persistence of mental health problems and needs in college student population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117, 180-185.
Zochil, M. L., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2018). Exploring poor sleep, mental health, and help-seeking intention in university students. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(1), 41-47.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 503 - 517, 31.08.2020

Nursel Topkaya Kadriye Erva Albayrak Nurbanu Yurdusever İrem Bozkurt

Öz

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik yardım alma niyeti ile bir
psikolojik danışmana kendini açmaktan beklenen yarar ve psikolojik yardım alma
nedeniyle kendini damgalama arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Korelasyonel bir
araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 1283 üniversite öğrencisi (Ort.
= 21.37, S.S. =
3.14) Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti Envanteri, Kendini Açma Beklentileri Ölçeği
ve Psikolojik Yardım Alma Nedeniyle Kendini Damgalama Ölçeği cevaplamıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon ve Hiyerarşik regresyon
analizi kullanılmıştır. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonucunda, kadınların psikolojik yardım alma niyetlerinin ve
psikolojik yardım almaktan bekledikleri yararın erkeklerden anlamlı bir şekilde
daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Erkeklerin ise, psikolojik yardım alma
nedeniyle kendini damgalama düzeyleri kadınlardan daha yüksektir. Aynı zamanda,
daha önce psikolojik yardım alan bireylerin psikolojik yardım alma niyeti
psikolojik yardım almayanlardan daha yüksektir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi
sonuçları sırasıyla; beklenen yarar, cinsiyet ve psikolojik yardım alma
nedeniyle kendini damgalamanın psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin en önemli
yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermiştir. Katılımcıların
cinsiyeti, yaşı ve daha önce psikolojik yardım alma durumları kontrol
edildiğinde ise, psikolojik yardım alma nedeniyle kendini damgalama düzeyleri
yüksek olan bireylerin psikolojik yardım alma niyeti düşükken, psikolojik
yardım almadan beklenen yararı yüksek olarak değerlendiren katılımcıların,
psikolojik yardım alma niyeti de yüksektir. Araştırma sonucunda, psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışan
uygulayıcıların psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik hizmetlerinin yararını
anlatmasının önemi açığa çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikolojik yardım alma niyeti, kendini damgalama, beklenen yarar, üniversite öğrencileri

Kaynakça

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 50, 179-211.
Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W. G., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G.,…Bruffaerts, R. (2016). Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 46, 2955–2970.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Kılıç Çakmak, E. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (24.baskı.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Cornally, N., & McCarthy, G. (2011). Help-seeking behaviour for the treatment of chronic pain. British Journal of Community Nursing, 16(2), 90-98.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35-53.
Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s wellbeing: A theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 1385-1401.
Dean, K. E., Long, A. C., Matthews, R. A., & Buckner, J. D. (2018). Willingness to seek treatment among Black students with anxiety or depression: The synergistic effect of sociocultural factors with symptom severity and intolerance of uncertainty. Behavior therapy, 49(5), 691-701.
Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2012). Help-seeking for mental health on college campuses: Review of evidence and next steps for research and practice. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 20, 222–232. doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.712839
Feldt, L. S., Woodruff, D. J. ve Salih, F. A. (1987). Statistical inference for Coefficient Alpha. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11(1), 93-103. doi:10.1177/014662168701100107
Field, A. P. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4. bs.). London: Sage.
Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F., & Marshall, P. (2005). Men and health help-seeking behaviour: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49(6), 616-623.
Good, G. E., & Wood, P. K. (1995). Male gender role conflict, depression, and help seeking: Do college men face double jeopardy?. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74(1), 70-75.
Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
Hackler, A. H., Vogel, D. L., & Wade, N. G. (2010). Attitudes toward seeking professional help for an eating disorder: The role of stigma and anticipated outcomes. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(4), 424-431.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. bs.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Hammer, J. H., Vogel, D. L., & Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R. (2013). Men's help seeking: Examination of differences across community size, education, and income. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14(1), 65-75.
Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 3-10.
Johnson, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., Kelly, M. T., Galdas, P., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2012). Men’s discourses of help-seeking in the context of depression. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34(3), 345-361.
Kessler, R. C., Foster, C. L., Saunders, W. B., & Stang, P. E. (1995). Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(7), 1026-1032.
Lannin, D. G., Vogel, D. L., Brenner, R. E., Abraham, W. T., & Heath, P. J. (2016). Does self-stigma reduce the probability of seeking mental health information?. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(3), 351-358.
Li, W., Denson, L. A., & Dorstyn, D. S. (2017). Help-seeking intentions and behaviors among Mainland Chinese college students: integrating the theory of planned behavior and behavioral model of health services use. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 39(2), 125-148.
Li, W., Denson, L. A., & Dorstyn, D. S. (2018). Understanding Australian university students’ mental health help-seeking: An empirical and theoretical investigation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(1), 30-40.
Li, W., Dorstyn, D. S., & Denson, L. A. (2014). Psychosocial correlates of college students’ help-seeking intention: A meta-analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(3), 163-170.
Lipson, S. K., Gaddis, S. M., Heinze, J., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015). Variations in student mental health and treatment utilization across US colleges and universities. Journal of American College Health, 63, 388–396.
Livingston, J. D., & Boyd, J. E. (2010). Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 71(12), 2150-2161.
McDermott, R. C., Cheng, H.-L., Wong, J., Booth, N., Jones, Z. ve Sevig, T. (2017). Hope for Help-Seeking: A Positive Psychology Perspective of Psychological Help-Seeking Intentions. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(2), 237-265. doi:10.1177/0011000017693398
Mooi, E. ve Sarstedt, M. (2011). A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics. Berlin: Springer.
Nash, S., Sixbey, M., An, S., & Puig, A. (2017). University students’ perceived need for mental health services: A study of variables related to not seeking help. Psychological services, 14(4), 502.
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2012). College students speak: A survey report on mental health. 30.03.2017 tarihinde www.nami.org/namioncampus adresinden alınmıştır.
Oexle, N., Müller, M., Kawohl, W., Xu, Z., Viering, S., Wyss, C., ... & Rüsch, N. (2018). Self-stigma as a barrier to recovery: a longitudinal study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 268(2), 209-212.
Oswalt, S. B., Lederer, A. M., & Chestnut-Steich, K. (2018). Who is willing to come back? college students’ willingness to seek help after using campus mental health services. Journal of American College Health, (just-accepted), 1-19.
Pietkiewicz, I. J., & Bachryj, D. (2016). Help-seeking attitudes and coping strategies among Roman Catholic secular clergy. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(1), 13-24.
Pietruszka, T. D. (2007). Barriers to college student utilization of mental health services: A path model (Doctor of Philosophy). University of Memphis, Memphis.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems. Australian e-journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4(3), 218-251.
Şahin, N. G. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kendini açma, öznel iyi oluş ve algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Schnyder, N., Panczak, R., Groth, N., & Schultze-Lutter, F. (2017). Association between mental health-related stigma and active help-seeking: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(4), 261-268.
Seidman, A. J., Lannin, D. G., Heath, P. J., ve Vogel, D. L. (2018). Setting the stage: The effect of affirming personal values before psychotherapy intake screenings on perceptions of self-stigma and self-disclosure. Stigma and Health. Advance online publication. 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sah0000140
Shaffer, P. A., Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. (2006). The mediating roles of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits, and attitudes on the decision to seek professional help: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 442.
Soygür, H., & Özalp, E. (2005). Şizofreni ve damgalanma sorunu. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medical Sciences, 1(12), 74-80.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self. L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology içinde (C. 21, ss. 261-302). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60229-4
Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (6. bs.). Harlow: Pearson Education.
Topkaya, N. (2011a). Psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin sosyal damgalanma, tedavi korkusu, beklenen yarar, beklenen risk ve tutum faktörleriyle modellenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Topkaya, N. (2011b). Psikolojik yardım alma nedeniyle kendini damgalama ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, sunulmuş bildiri, İzmir.
Topkaya, N., & Meydan, B. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin problem yaşadıkları alanlar, yardım kaynakları ve psikolojik yardım alma niyetleri. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 25-37.
Vogel, D. L. ve Wester, S. R. (2003). To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(3), 351-361.
Vogel, D. L., Armstrong, P. I., Tsai, P. C., Wade, N. G., Hammer, J. H., Efstathiou, G., ... & Topkaya, N. (2013). Cross-cultural validity of the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale: Examination across six nations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 303-310.
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 325-337.
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2008). Emotional expression and the decision to seek therapy: The mediating roles of the anticipated benefits and risks. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(3), 254-278.
Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., Wei, M., & Boysen, G. A. (2005). The role of outcome expectations and attitudes on decisions to seek professional help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 459-470.
Wang, P. S., Lang, M., & Olfson, M. (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 629-640.
West, M. L., Vayshenker, B., Rotter, M., & Yanos, P. T. (2015). The influence of mental illness and criminality self-stigmas and racial self-concept on outcomes in a forensic psychiatric sample. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(2), 150 – 157.
Yousaf, O., Popat, A. ve Hunter, M. S. (2015). An investigation of masculinity attitudes, gender, and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(2), 234-237. doi:10.1037/a0036241
Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., & Golberstein, E. (2009). Persistence of mental health problems and needs in college student population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117, 180-185.
Zochil, M. L., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2018). Exploring poor sleep, mental health, and help-seeking intention in university students. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(1), 41-47.

Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Nursel Topkaya 0000-0002-8469-9140 Kadriye Erva Albayrak Bu kişi benim Nurbanu Yurdusever Bu kişi benim İrem Bozkurt Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Topkaya, N., Albayrak, K. E., Yurdusever, N., Bozkurt, İ. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 503-517. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.467128
AMA	Topkaya N, Albayrak KE, Yurdusever N, Bozkurt İ. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki. INUEFD. Ağustos 2020;21(2):503-517. doi:10.17679/inuefd.467128
Chicago	Topkaya, Nursel, Kadriye Erva Albayrak, Nurbanu Yurdusever, ve İrem Bozkurt. “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti Ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri Ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki”. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 21, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2020): 503-17. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.467128.
EndNote	Topkaya N, Albayrak KE, Yurdusever N, Bozkurt İ (01 Ağustos 2020) Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 503–517.
IEEE	N. Topkaya, K. E. Albayrak, N. Yurdusever, ve İ. Bozkurt, “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki”, INUEFD, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 503–517, 2020, doi: 10.17679/inuefd.467128.
ISNAD	Topkaya, Nursel vd. “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti Ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri Ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki”. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (Ağustos 2020), 503-517. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.467128.
JAMA	Topkaya N, Albayrak KE, Yurdusever N, Bozkurt İ. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki. INUEFD. 2020;21:503–517.
MLA	Topkaya, Nursel vd. “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti Ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri Ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki”. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 503-17, doi:10.17679/inuefd.467128.
Vancouver	Topkaya N, Albayrak KE, Yurdusever N, Bozkurt İ. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti ile Kendini Açma Beklentileri ve Kendini Damgalamaları Arasındaki İlişki. INUEFD. 2020;21(2):503-17.

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