AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ BAKIMINDAN BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER DENİZ HUKUKU SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN HUKUKİ ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 345 - 361, 31.12.2019

İlke Göçmen Emriye Özlem Şeker

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.567944

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB), 1 Nisan 1998
tarihinde Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi’ne (BMDHS) taraf
olmuştur. BMDHS; çok taraflı oluşu, maddi yönden denizlerin anayasası niteliği
taşıması, kurumsal yönden Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku Mahkemesi dâhil
kurumsallaşmış yapı getirmesi ve AB yönünden karma anlaşma oluşu yönleriyle,
AB’nin diğer uluslararası anlaşmalarından kısmen veya tamamen ayrı olarak, AB
bakımından pek çok ve kimi zaman karmaşık hukuki etkiler meydana
getirebilmektedir. İşte bu çalışma, yukarıdaki nedenlerle, Avrupa Birliği
Adalet Divanının içtihat hukuku ışığında, BMDHS’nin AB bakımından hukuki
etkilerini kurumsal denge ilkesi ve AB hukukundaki genel etkiler üzerinden
ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Görüleceği üzere, kurumsal denge ilkesi, ana
hatlarıyla, BMDHS ile ilgili hususlarda üye devletlerin maksimum kontrol
isteğinin karşısında, ulusüstü niteliği ağır basan AB kurumlarının kontrolü ele
alma isteğinin ise yanında durmuştur. Ayrıca, BMDHS ve BMDHS’nin kimi
hükümlerinin bir parçasını oluşturduğu ölçüde uluslararası teamül hukuku, AB
açısından bağlayıcılık taşıdığında, ihlal davasına ve uygun yorum ilkesine konu
edilebilecek olmakla birlikte; doğrudan etkililik, hukuka uygunluk denetimi ve
AB’nin haksız fiil sorumluluğu yönlerinden kısmen belirsizlik, dahası
tutarsızlıklar içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, Kurumsal Denge İlkesi, Avrupa Birliği Hukukundaki Genel Etkiler

LEGAL EFFECTS OF UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON LAW OF THE SEA WITH REGARD TO EUROPEAN UNION

Öz

European Union (EU) became a party to the United Nations
Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on 1 April 1998. UNCLOS can generate
several and sometimes complicated legal effects with regard to the EU, either
partially or fully separate from the EU’s other international agreements, since
it is multilateral, have the characteristic of constitution of the seas in
substantive terms, brings an institutionalised structure, including International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, in institutional terms and is a mixed
agreement in EU terms. Hence, for these reasons, this Article aims to present
the legal effects of the UNCLOS with regard to the EU, on the basis of
principle of institutional balance and general effects under EU law, in the
light of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. As will be
seen, generally, the principle of institutional balance has been against the
maximum control demands of Member States and for the desire of the EU
institutions, which bear overriding supranational characteristics, to take the
control in their hands in relation to the UNCLOS matters. Besides, both UNCLOS
and international customary law as long as composed by a provision of UNCLOS,
provided that they are binding on the EU, can be a subject of infringement
proceedings and principle of consistent interpretation; however, contain
partially certainty, furthermore inconsistencies in relation to directly
effectiveness, legality review and EU’s non-contractual liability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, Principle of Institutional Balance, General Effects under European Union Law

Kaynakça

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