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Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 307 - 326, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.541337

Öz

Bu çalışma 2011 sonrasında Yemen’deki siyasal değişim ve çatışma sürecine odaklanmaktadır. Bazı dönüm noktalarını göz önünde bulundurarak çatışma sürecinin hangi formlara büründüğünü belirleme iddiasındadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, 2011 yılında rejim değişimi talepleri ile başlayan ayaklanmaların 2014 yılının başından itibaren çatışma eksenli bir vekalet savaşına dönüştüğünü ve halen bu zeminde seyrettiğini savunmaktadır. Geçiş sürecini yönetmek üzere 2013 yılında oluşturulan Ulusal Diyalog Konferansı (UDK)’nın sonuçlarını kabul etmeyen çeşitli aktörlerin yeniden çatışma sürecini başlatmaları bu anlamda bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmektedir. 2014 yılından itibaren oluşan boşluğunda çatışma yerel güçler arasında şiddetlense de uluslararası aktörlerin desteği ve doğrudan müdahalesi daha görünür bir seviyeye gelmiştir. Çalışma Yemen’deki vekalet savaşının uluslararası ve bölgesel aktörleri olarak İran, Suudi Arabistan/Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’yi; yerel aktörler olarak da, Husiler (Ensarullah), Abdu Rabbu Mansur Hadi’ye bağlı hükümet güçleri ve Yemen El-Kaidesi olarak kabul etmektedir. Söz konusu vekalet savaşında taraflar Suudi Arabistan ile ittifak halindeki Hadi güçleri ile İran İran ve yerel vekilleri arasında bir mücadele söz konusudur. ABD ise hükümetle koordinasyon halinde El-Kaide’ye karşı operasyonlar yürütmektedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Ahmad, A. (2018). “‘Clear evidence of Iranian involvement in Yemen’”, June 19, 2018, https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/clear-evidence-of-iranian-involvement-in-yemen-1.2239333 Albahesh, A. (2018). “The Houthi Movement in Yemen: From Insurgency to Military Coup, 2004–2014”, October 22, 2018, https://medium.com/@drabdoalbahesh/the-houthi-movement-in-yemen-from-insurgency-to-military-coup-2004-2010-6756fbfa410b
  • Al Zandani, Ahmed A. (2015). “Yemen’s Question: From the Struggle for Freedom to the Struggle for Survival”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Vol: 2, No: 2, 89-108. Aljazeera (2011). “Top army commanders defect in Yemen”, 21 Mart 2011, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/03/2011320180579476.html Al Jazeera Center for Studies, (2015). Operation Decisive Storm: Reshuffling Regional Order, http://studies.aljazeera.net/mritems/Documents/2015/4/7/20154783015689734Operation%20Decisive%20Storm.pdf
  • Alptekin H. (2017) “A theory of ethnic violence: ethnic incorporation and ethno-political mobilization in Bulgaria and Cyprus”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40 (15), 2672-2790.
  • Amerikanın Sesi (2018). “Trump: ‘Kral Salman Petrol Üretimini Arttırmayı Kabul Etti’, 30.06.2018, https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/trump-kral-salman-petrol- %C3%BCretimini-artt%C4%B1rmay%C4%B1-kabul-etti/4461472.html
  • Arı, T. (2015). “Yemen’de Arap Baharından Husi Darbesine: Bir Demokrasi Denemesinden Başarısız Devlete mi?”, SDE Bakış, No:8, 1-10.
  • B. Hager E. and Mazzetti M. (2015). “Emirates Secretly Sends Colombian Mercenaries to Yemen Fight”, Newyork Times, 25 Kasım 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/world/middleeast/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html
  • BBC. (2011). “Top Yemeni general, Ali Mohsen, backs opposition”, 21 March 2011, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12804552
  • BBC. (2017). “Yemen war: Fighting breaks out among allied rebels”, 30 Kasım 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42179313
  • Blumi, I. (2018). Destroying Yemen What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About The World, Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Brown,,S. (2015). “Purposes and pitfalls of war by proxy: A systemic analysis”, Small Wars & Insurgiencies, Vol.27, No.2, 243-257.
  • Büyükkara, M.A. (2011). “Sosyal, Siyasi ve Dini Yönleriyle Yemen Husi Hareketi”, Divan, c.16, 115-151.
  • Charbonneau, L. (2015). “Iran submits four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations”, Reuters, April, 17 2015, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran/iran-submits-four-point-yemen-peace-plan-to-united-nations-idUSKBN0N823820150417
  • Cragin, K. (2015). “Semi-Proxy Wars and U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38:5, 311-327.
  • Darwich, M. (2018). “The Saudi Intervention in Yemen: Struggling for Status”, Insight Turkey, Spring 2018, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 125-142.
  • Deutsch, K. W. (1980). “External Involvement in Internal War”, in Harry Eckstein (Eds), Internal War: Problems and Approaches, West Port: Praeger.
  • Dooren, van K. (2017). The Method And Consequences Of The Global Proxy War In Afghanıstan, 1979-1989, Master Thesis, International Relations, Leiden University
  • Eker, S. (2015). “Savaş Olgusunun Dönüşümü: Yeni Savaşlar ve Suriye Krizi Örneği”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, 2015, 31-66.
  • El Alim, E. (2015). “Husi-İran ilişkisi: Mezhep kılıflı çıkar ittifakı”, Aljazeeraturk, 17 Nisan 2015, http://aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/husi-iran-iliskisi-mezhep-kilifli-cikar-ittifaki
  • Ez Zeatira, Y. (2014). ‘İran'ın Elindeki Dördüncü Arap Başkenti’, Aljazeera Türk, 27 Eylül 2014, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/iranin-elindeki-dorduncu-arap-baskenti
  • Fearon, J and Laitin, D. (2003). “Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War,” The American Political Science Review, 97(1), 74-90.
  • Feierstein, G.M. (2018), “Iran’s Role in Yemen and Prospects for Peace”, December 6, 2018, https://www.mei.edu/publications/irans-role-yemen-and-prospects-peace
  • Fraihat, I. (2016). Unfinished Revolutions: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring, London: Yale University Press.
  • Gaddis, J. L. (1990). The Long Peace, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldstone, J. (2011). “Understanding the Revolutions of 2011: Weakness and Resilience in Middle Eastern Autocracies” Foreign Affairs, 90/3, 8-16.
  • Green, D. (2011), “Protests in Yemen: President Saleh Promises Change”, Febraury 2, 2011, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/protests-in-yemen-president-saleh-promises-change
  • Gulf News (2014). “Yemen Al Houthi Rebels Slam Federation Plan as Unfair”, 11 Şubat 2014, https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/yemen-al-houthi-rebels-slam-federation-plan-as-unfair-1.1289512
  • Hadi, A.M. (2015). “Statement issued by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Qatar and the State of Kuwait”, 27 March 2015, https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7d/s_2015_217.pdf
  • Hart, B.H. L. (2015). Strateji Dolaylı Tutum, Çev: Selma Koçak, İstanbul: Doruk Yay.
  • Hill, G. (2017) Yemen Endures Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia, Newyork: Oxford University Press.
  • Hilterman, J ve Alley, L.A. (2017). “The Houthis Are Not Hezbollah”, Foreign Policy, Februay 27, 2017, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/27/the-houthis-are-not-hezbollah/
  • Hughes, G. A. (2014). “Syria and the perils of proxy warfare”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol.25 No.3, 522-538.
  • Huntington, S.P. (1993). “Clash of Civilizations”, Foreign Affairs; Summer, 1993/72, 3- 22.
  • Hürriyet (2015) “İran Yemen’e Silah Gönderdiği İddialarını Yalanladı”, 31 Mart 2015, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/iran-yemene-silah-gonderdigi-iddialarini-yalanladi-28603769
  • International Crisis Group (2014). “The Huthis: From Saada to Sanaa”, Middle East Report, No.154, 10 Haziran 2014, Brussel.
  • Juneau, T. (2016). “Iran’s policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment”, International Affairs, 92: 3, pp. 647-663.
  • Kadercan, B. (2018). “What the ISIS Crisis Means for the Future of the Middle East”, in (Eds). Yeşiltaş, M., Kardaş, T., Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 237-261. Kempe, F. and Reyes, C. (2018). Risk Nexus: Overcome by cyber risks? Economic benefits and costs of alternate cyber futures, Washington: Atlantic Council.
  • Kube,C., Windrem, R., and Arkin, W.M. ( 2018). “U.S. airstrikes in Yemen have increased six fold under Trump”, February 02, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/u-s-airstrikes-yemen-have-%20increased-sixfold-under-trump-n843886
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  • Kurt, V. (2018). “Devrim İddiasından İnsani Krize Yemen”, 09.01.2018, http://ortadogudan.com/makaleler/45/devrim-iddiasindan-insani-krize-yemen/
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Proxy Wars in the Middle East After the Arab Uprisings: Case of Yemen

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 307 - 326, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.541337

Öz

This study focuses on the political change and conflict period in Yemen since 2011. It aims to define how the conflict period is formed by considering the turning points of the conflict. The study argues that the rebellions that started for regime change in 2011 in Yemen turned to a proxy war after January 2014 and that they are still on this ground. The National Dialogue Coalition, which was founded in 2013 to govern the transition period. However its failure at the beginning of 2014, is considered a turning point in this sense. In the power gap that has emerged since this date, the conflict has intensified among the local powers, but the support and direct intervention of international actors has come to a more visible level. The study assumes Iran, Saudi Arabia/United Arab Emirates and the United States as the international actors, and Houthis (Ansarullah), former regime forces and Yemen al-Qaeda as the local forces of the proxy war. The proxy war is a consequence of struggle between Iran and Saudi Arabia. USA as an international actor, carry out military operation against Al-Qaide forces in coordination with Yemeni government.

Kaynakça

  • Abi-Habib, M. (2015). “Yemen’s Ousted President Saleh Helps Propel Houthi Rebel Advance”, Wall Street Journal, 10.04.2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-ousted-president-saleh-helps-propel-houthi-rebel-advance-1428704009
  • Ahmad, A. (2018). “‘Clear evidence of Iranian involvement in Yemen’”, June 19, 2018, https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/clear-evidence-of-iranian-involvement-in-yemen-1.2239333 Albahesh, A. (2018). “The Houthi Movement in Yemen: From Insurgency to Military Coup, 2004–2014”, October 22, 2018, https://medium.com/@drabdoalbahesh/the-houthi-movement-in-yemen-from-insurgency-to-military-coup-2004-2010-6756fbfa410b
  • Al Zandani, Ahmed A. (2015). “Yemen’s Question: From the Struggle for Freedom to the Struggle for Survival”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Vol: 2, No: 2, 89-108. Aljazeera (2011). “Top army commanders defect in Yemen”, 21 Mart 2011, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/03/2011320180579476.html Al Jazeera Center for Studies, (2015). Operation Decisive Storm: Reshuffling Regional Order, http://studies.aljazeera.net/mritems/Documents/2015/4/7/20154783015689734Operation%20Decisive%20Storm.pdf
  • Alptekin H. (2017) “A theory of ethnic violence: ethnic incorporation and ethno-political mobilization in Bulgaria and Cyprus”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40 (15), 2672-2790.
  • Amerikanın Sesi (2018). “Trump: ‘Kral Salman Petrol Üretimini Arttırmayı Kabul Etti’, 30.06.2018, https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/trump-kral-salman-petrol- %C3%BCretimini-artt%C4%B1rmay%C4%B1-kabul-etti/4461472.html
  • Arı, T. (2015). “Yemen’de Arap Baharından Husi Darbesine: Bir Demokrasi Denemesinden Başarısız Devlete mi?”, SDE Bakış, No:8, 1-10.
  • B. Hager E. and Mazzetti M. (2015). “Emirates Secretly Sends Colombian Mercenaries to Yemen Fight”, Newyork Times, 25 Kasım 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/world/middleeast/emirates-secretly-sends-colombian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-yemen.html
  • BBC. (2011). “Top Yemeni general, Ali Mohsen, backs opposition”, 21 March 2011, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12804552
  • BBC. (2017). “Yemen war: Fighting breaks out among allied rebels”, 30 Kasım 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42179313
  • Blumi, I. (2018). Destroying Yemen What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About The World, Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Brown,,S. (2015). “Purposes and pitfalls of war by proxy: A systemic analysis”, Small Wars & Insurgiencies, Vol.27, No.2, 243-257.
  • Büyükkara, M.A. (2011). “Sosyal, Siyasi ve Dini Yönleriyle Yemen Husi Hareketi”, Divan, c.16, 115-151.
  • Charbonneau, L. (2015). “Iran submits four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations”, Reuters, April, 17 2015, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran/iran-submits-four-point-yemen-peace-plan-to-united-nations-idUSKBN0N823820150417
  • Cragin, K. (2015). “Semi-Proxy Wars and U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38:5, 311-327.
  • Darwich, M. (2018). “The Saudi Intervention in Yemen: Struggling for Status”, Insight Turkey, Spring 2018, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 125-142.
  • Deutsch, K. W. (1980). “External Involvement in Internal War”, in Harry Eckstein (Eds), Internal War: Problems and Approaches, West Port: Praeger.
  • Dooren, van K. (2017). The Method And Consequences Of The Global Proxy War In Afghanıstan, 1979-1989, Master Thesis, International Relations, Leiden University
  • Eker, S. (2015). “Savaş Olgusunun Dönüşümü: Yeni Savaşlar ve Suriye Krizi Örneği”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, 2015, 31-66.
  • El Alim, E. (2015). “Husi-İran ilişkisi: Mezhep kılıflı çıkar ittifakı”, Aljazeeraturk, 17 Nisan 2015, http://aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/husi-iran-iliskisi-mezhep-kilifli-cikar-ittifaki
  • Ez Zeatira, Y. (2014). ‘İran'ın Elindeki Dördüncü Arap Başkenti’, Aljazeera Türk, 27 Eylül 2014, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/iranin-elindeki-dorduncu-arap-baskenti
  • Fearon, J and Laitin, D. (2003). “Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War,” The American Political Science Review, 97(1), 74-90.
  • Feierstein, G.M. (2018), “Iran’s Role in Yemen and Prospects for Peace”, December 6, 2018, https://www.mei.edu/publications/irans-role-yemen-and-prospects-peace
  • Fraihat, I. (2016). Unfinished Revolutions: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring, London: Yale University Press.
  • Gaddis, J. L. (1990). The Long Peace, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldstone, J. (2011). “Understanding the Revolutions of 2011: Weakness and Resilience in Middle Eastern Autocracies” Foreign Affairs, 90/3, 8-16.
  • Green, D. (2011), “Protests in Yemen: President Saleh Promises Change”, Febraury 2, 2011, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/protests-in-yemen-president-saleh-promises-change
  • Gulf News (2014). “Yemen Al Houthi Rebels Slam Federation Plan as Unfair”, 11 Şubat 2014, https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/yemen-al-houthi-rebels-slam-federation-plan-as-unfair-1.1289512
  • Hadi, A.M. (2015). “Statement issued by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Qatar and the State of Kuwait”, 27 March 2015, https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7d/s_2015_217.pdf
  • Hart, B.H. L. (2015). Strateji Dolaylı Tutum, Çev: Selma Koçak, İstanbul: Doruk Yay.
  • Hill, G. (2017) Yemen Endures Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia, Newyork: Oxford University Press.
  • Hilterman, J ve Alley, L.A. (2017). “The Houthis Are Not Hezbollah”, Foreign Policy, Februay 27, 2017, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/27/the-houthis-are-not-hezbollah/
  • Hughes, G. A. (2014). “Syria and the perils of proxy warfare”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol.25 No.3, 522-538.
  • Huntington, S.P. (1993). “Clash of Civilizations”, Foreign Affairs; Summer, 1993/72, 3- 22.
  • Hürriyet (2015) “İran Yemen’e Silah Gönderdiği İddialarını Yalanladı”, 31 Mart 2015, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/iran-yemene-silah-gonderdigi-iddialarini-yalanladi-28603769
  • International Crisis Group (2014). “The Huthis: From Saada to Sanaa”, Middle East Report, No.154, 10 Haziran 2014, Brussel.
  • Juneau, T. (2016). “Iran’s policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment”, International Affairs, 92: 3, pp. 647-663.
  • Kadercan, B. (2018). “What the ISIS Crisis Means for the Future of the Middle East”, in (Eds). Yeşiltaş, M., Kardaş, T., Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 237-261. Kempe, F. and Reyes, C. (2018). Risk Nexus: Overcome by cyber risks? Economic benefits and costs of alternate cyber futures, Washington: Atlantic Council.
  • Kube,C., Windrem, R., and Arkin, W.M. ( 2018). “U.S. airstrikes in Yemen have increased six fold under Trump”, February 02, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/u-s-airstrikes-yemen-have-%20increased-sixfold-under-trump-n843886
  • Kurt, V. (2015). ““Devrimden Askeri Müdahaleye Yemen”, SETA Analiz 144, Aralık 2015.
  • Kurt, V. (2018). “Devrim İddiasından İnsani Krize Yemen”, 09.01.2018, http://ortadogudan.com/makaleler/45/devrim-iddiasindan-insani-krize-yemen/
  • Lewis, A. (2015). Security, Clans and Tribes: Unstable Governance in Somaliland, Yemen and the Gulf of Aden, London: Palgrave.
  • Marshall, A. (2015). “From civil war to proxy war: past history and current dilemmas”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27:2, 183-195. Middle East Policy Council (2015), “Houthi "Coup" Leaves Yemen on the Brink”, https://mepc.org/commentary/houthi-coup-leaves-yemen-brink Mukhashaf, M. and Kalin, S. (2018). “Yemen civil war: Deadly clashes between separatists and government forces deepens split between Gulf allies”, Independent, 28 January 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-civil-war-saudi-arabia-riyadh-uae-dubai-iran-houthis-aden-middle-east-cold-war-latest-a8182141.html
  • Mumford, A. (2013a). “Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict”, The RUSI Journal, Vol. 158, No:2, 40-46.
  • Mumford, A. (2013b). Proxy Warfare, Cambridge: UK: Polity Press.
  • Mumford, A. (2017). “The New Era of the Proliferated Proxy War”, The Strategy Bridge, https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2017/11/16/the-new-era-of-the-proliferated-proxy-war
  • New America (2018). “Drone Strikes: Yemen”, 29.07.2018, https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/us-targeted- killing-program-yemen/ NTV (2011). “Yemen'de mutlu son!”, 22.11.2011, https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/yemende-mutlu-son,RKKGAM12PU27Tl0QwkRK5w
  • NTV (2015). “İran Yemen'de Husilere yardım gönderdi”, 31.03.2015 https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/iran-yemende-husilere-yardim- gonderdi%2cnH_HXTiMAUespScyog3Wzw
  • OSSGY (2013). “ National Dialogue Conference”, https://osesgy.unmissions.org/national-dialogue-conference
  • Ottaway, D. (2015). “Interview with David Ottaway”, Pomeas, 13 Temmuz 2015, https://www.academia.edu/17852987/Interview_with_David_Ottaway
  • Özev, M.H. (2016). “İran-Suudi Arabistan İlişkileri 1932-2014”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, C.66, 2016/1, 83-104.
  • Pfaff, C. A. (2017). “Strategic Insights: Proxy War Norms”, SSI Research Analysis, December 18, 2017, http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/index.cfm/articles/Proxy-War-Norms/2017/12/18
  • Pompeo, M. (2018), “ After the Deal: A New Iran Strategy”, May 21, 2018, https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/05/282301.htm
  • Pollack, K. M. (2015). “The Dangers of the Arab Intervention in Yemen”, Brookings, March, 26, 2015, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2015/03/26/the-dangers-of-the-arab-intervention-in-yemen/
  • Pradhan, P. K. (2017). Arab Spring and Sectarian Faultlines in West Asia Bahrain, Yemen and Syria, New Delhi: Pentagon Press.
  • Rabushka, A and Shepsle, K. (2009). Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability, New York: Pearson-Longman.
  • Rieder, B. (2017). “Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?”, December 18, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2017/12/18/who-are-the-houthis-and-why-are-we-at-war-with-them/
  • Robinson, N. (2017). “Spending for success on cyber defence” NATO Review, 06.04.2017, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2017/also-in-2017/nato-priority-spending-success-cyber-defence/en/index.htm
  • Salisburry, P. (2015). Yemen and the Saudi–Iranian ‘Cold War’, Chatham House Research Paper, February, 2015, s.1.
  • Sharp, J. M. (2015). “Yemen: Background and US Relations”, Congressional Research Service, February 11, 2015, https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/sc10671.doc.htm
  • Sinkaya, B. (2015). “İran-Yemen İlişkileri ve Ensarullah Hareketi”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 67, Mart-Nisan 2015, 60-62.
  • Statista (2018a). “Number of U.S. drone strikes in Yemen from 2011 to April 2018”, 29.07.2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/428496/us-drone-strikes-in-yemen/
  • Statista (2018b). “Number of United States airstrikes in Yemen between 2002 and 2018”, 29.07.2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/274007/airstrikes-in-yemen-by-the-us- since-2002/
  • Tertrais, B. (2012). “The Demise of Ares: The End of War as We Know It?”, The Washington Quarterly, Vol.35 No.3, 7-22.
  • The Embassy of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2015). “Statement by Saudi Ambassador Al-Jubeir on Military Operations in Yemen”, March 25, 2015, https://www.saudiembassy.net/press-release/statement-saudi-ambassador-al-jubeir-military-operations-yemen
  • The White House (2013). “Letter from the President - Regarding the War Powers Resolution”, June 14, 2013, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/14/letter-president-regarding-war-powers-resolution
  • Timetürk (2017). “Katar, Yemen'deki Uluslararası Koalisyon’dan çıkarıldı”, 05.06.2017, https://www.timeturk.com/katar-yemen-deki-uluslararasi-koalisyon-dan-%20cikarildi/haber-662119
  • Towle, P. (1981). “The Strategy of War by proxy”, The RUSI Journal, 126:1, 21-26.
  • UN Press (2012). “Security Council Demands End to All Actions Undermining Government in Yemen, Expresses Readiness to Consider ‘Article 41’ Measures if Necessary”, 12 June 2012, https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/sc10671.doc.htm
  • Zimmerman, K and Harnisch, C. (2018). “Profile: al Houthi Movement”, January 28, 2018, https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/profile-al-houthi-movement
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm International Journal of Political Science & Urban Studies
Yazarlar

Veysel Kurt Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurt, V. (2019). Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, 7(1), 307-326. https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.541337
AMA Kurt V. Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği. IPSUS. Mart 2019;7(1):307-326. doi:10.14782/ipsus.541337
Chicago Kurt, Veysel. “Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 7, sy. 1 (Mart 2019): 307-26. https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.541337.
EndNote Kurt V (01 Mart 2019) Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 7 1 307–326.
IEEE V. Kurt, “Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği”, IPSUS, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 307–326, 2019, doi: 10.14782/ipsus.541337.
ISNAD Kurt, Veysel. “Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies 7/1 (Mart 2019), 307-326. https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.541337.
JAMA Kurt V. Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği. IPSUS. 2019;7:307–326.
MLA Kurt, Veysel. “Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği”. International Journal of Political Science and Urban Studies, c. 7, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 307-26, doi:10.14782/ipsus.541337.
Vancouver Kurt V. Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği. IPSUS. 2019;7(1):307-26.