SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND TOURISM IN EUROPE: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Öz

The concept of sustainable development emphasizes a holistic approach to economic, social and environmental elements. It is based on the idea that while the prosperity of countries and individuals increases, the needs of future generations should not be put at risk.  While as a major sector of the world economy, tourism’s contribution to economic growth is widely accepted, the situation is not clear when it comes to sustainable development.  This study empirically investigates whether there is a relationship between tourism and sustainable development, growth in European countries which are located in front of the world in terms of tourism movements, through panel data analysis. In the empirical work used for the period 2000-2015, adjusted net savings were set as sustainable development indicators, per capita income for economic growth, as well as tourist arrivals and tourism revenues representing the tourism sector were used. The variables were taken as cointegrated as a result of the panel cointegration tests. A Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (PDOLS) analysis was then applied and long-term parameters were examined. According to the results of empirical research, although the growth hypothesis of tourism led by European countries has been confirmed, the number of tourists reached the result that sustainable development is negative and tourism incomes are positively affected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Development,Growth,Tourism,Europe,Panel Data

AVRUPA'DA SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA, BÜYÜME ve TURİZM: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel öğelerin bir arada düşünülmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapar. Ülkelerin ve bireylerin refah düzeyi arttırılırken gelecek nesillerin gereksinimlerinin riske atılmamasını temel alır.  Dünya ekonomisinin önemli sektörlerinden olan turizmin ekonomik büyümeye katkısı kabul edilmekle birlikte sürdürülebilir kalkınma söz konusu olduğunda durum çok açık değildir.  Bu çalışma ile turizm hareketleri açısından dünyada ön sıralarda yer alan Avrupa ülkelerinde turizm ile sürdürülebilir kalkınma, büyüme arasındaki ilişkiler panel veri analizi ile araştırılmaktadır. 2000-2015 dönemi verilerinin kullanıldığı ampirik çalışmada sürdürülebilir kalkınma göstergesi olarak düzeltilmiş net tasarruflar, ekonomik büyüme için kişi başına düşen gelir, turizmi temsilen turist sayıları ile turizm gelirleri serilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Panel eş bütünleşme testleri sonucunda değişkenlerin eşbütünleşik olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Ardından uygulanan Panel Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (PDOLS) analizi ile uzun dönem parametreler tahmin edilmiştir. Ampirik araştırma sonuçlarına göre Avrupa ülkelerinde turizmin önderliğindeki büyüme hipotezi teyit edilmesine rağmen turist sayısının sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı negatif, turizm gelirlerinin pozitif etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma,Büyüme,Turizm,Avrupa,Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

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