Araştırma Makalesi
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Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 7, 37 - 60, 21.06.2021

Öz

The subtle hierarchy which dictates who is granted and denied cultural authority is rarely more evident than when examining folklore through which “we can see all the shimmering, shadowy uncertainties of the world.” The myth of the Golem, a clay being in Jewish folklore, provides an ideal opportunity for engaging with the default equation of humanity and masculinity, an assumption present in most Golem stories. My research attempts to disrupt this hierarchy that places women as lesser and the human as superior by examining the recuperated figure of the female Golem. I interrogate intersections of the constructed categories of “female” and “human” in Helene Wecker's The Golem and the Jinni and in Alice Hoffman's The World That We Knew by tracing the complex literary history of the female Golem, focusing on the misogynistic myth of the female Golem attributed to Solomon ibn Gabirol. Through elaboration upon the feminist critiques advanced by Hoffman and Wecker, I highlight the glimpses of post-humanist thought achieved by each author’s feminist revision of the female Golem, investigating the way certain humanist ideas remain and limit each novel’s feminist project. By drawing on post-humanist philosophy and feminist and Jewish feminist literary criticism to consider these novels, I ultimately propose the necessity of post-humanist thought to the success of feminist interventions.

Kaynakça

  • Ashton, Dianne. "Hippies, Hasidim, and Havurot." Hanukkah in America, vol. 6, New York University Press, 2020, pp. 229–63.
  • Ausubel, Nathan. A Treasury of Jewish Folklore: Stories, Traditions, Legends, Humor, Wisdom and Folk Songs of the Jewish People. New York, Crown Publishers, 1948.
  • Baer, Elizabeth R. The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post-Holocaust Fiction. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2012.
  • Barzilai, Maya, and ProQuest (Firm). Golem: Modern Wars and their Monsters. New York University Press, New York, 2016.
  • Baskin, Judith R. Jewish Women in Historical Perspective. 2nd ed., Detroit, Wayne State UP, 2004.
  • Bennett, Jane. The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics. Princeton, Princeton UP, 2001.
  • ---. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham, Duke UP, 2010.
  • Baer, Elizabeth R. The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post-Holocaust Fiction. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2012.
  • Barzilai, Maya, and ProQuest (Firm). Golem: Modern Wars and their Monsters. New York University Press, New York, 2016.
  • Basham, Diana. The Trial of Woman: Feminism and the Occult Sciences in Victorian Literature and Society. Macmillan, 1992.
  • Baskin, Judith R. Jewish Women in Historical Perspective. 2nd ed., Detroit, Wayne State UP, 2004.
  • Bennett, Jane. The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics. Princeton, Princeton UP, 2001.
  • ---. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham, Duke UP, 2010.
  • Berg, Philip S. The Essential Zohar: The Source of Kabbalistic Wisdom. New York, Three Rivers Press, 2004.
  • Boyarin, Daniel. Socrates & the Fat Rabbis. Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2009.
  • Braidotti, Rosi. "Four Thesis on Posthuman Feminism" Anthropocene Feminism, edited by Richard Grusin, University of Minnesota Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/pitt-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745552.
  • Buzay, Emmanuel. "Le Golem : Généalogie et Postérité D'une Figure Paradigmatique Du Post-Humanisme." Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, vol. 22, no. 3, Routledge, 2018, pp. 353–61, doi:10.1080/17409292.2018.1494260.
  • Chabon, Michael. The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay. New York, Random House, 2012.
  • Chiang, Ted. "Seventy-Two Letters." Steampunk, by Ann VanderMeer and Jeff VanderMeer, San Francisco, Tachyon, 2008.
  • Contrada, Norma. "Golem and Robot: A Search for Connections." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 7, no. 2/3 (26/27), 1995, pp. 244–254. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43308245. Accessed 13 Nov. 2020.
  • Creed, Barbara. "Horror and the Monstrous-Feminine: An Imaginary Abjection." The Monster Theory Reader, edited by Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2020, pp. 211-26.
  • Daly, Mary. Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation. Boston, Beacon Press, 1973.
  • Davidson, Jane P. "Golem — Frankenstein — Golem of Your Own." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 7, no. 2/3 (26/27), 1995, pp. 228–243. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43308244. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020.
  • Davidson, Avram. "The Golem." Wandering Stars: An Anthology of Jewish Fantasy and Science Fiction, by Jack Dann, New York, Harper & Row, 1974, pp. 55-61.
  • Dayan, Colin. "Personhood." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • Deckha, Maneesha. "Postcolonial." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 280-93.
  • Dekel, Edan, and David Gantt Gurley. "How the Golem Came to Prague." The Jewish Quarterly Review, vol. 103, no. 2, Spring 2013, pp. 241-58. JSTOR, www.ma.huji.ac.il/~kazhdan/Shneider/Dekel,Gurley.Golem.pdf.
  • Der Golem: Wie er in die Welt Kam, (The Golem: As He Came into the World). 1920. Artstor, library-artstor-org.pitt.idm.oclc.org/asset/MOMA_11030007.
  • "Empathy." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 141-53.
  • Encyclopaedia Judaica: Fr-Ha. Jerusalem, Keter Publishing House, 1971.
  • Glueckel, Glikl: Memoirs 1691-1719. Edited by Chava Turniansky, Waltham, Brandeis UP, 2019.
  • Glustrom, Simon. The Language of Judaism. New York, Jonathan David, 1966.
  • The Golem: How He Came into the World. Directed by Paul Wegener and Carl Boese, Ufa Studios, 1920..
  • Grossman, Avraham. Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe. Translated by Jonathan Chipman, Waltham, Brandeis UP, 2004.
  • Held, Jacob M. "A Golem Is Not Born, but Rather Becomes, a Woman: Gender on the Disc." Edited by James South. Academia.
  • The Hirsch Tehillim: The Psalms. Edited by Samson Raphael Hirsch, translated by Gertrude Hirschler, rev. ed., Nanuet, Feldheim Publishers, 2016.
  • Hoffman, Alice. The World That We Knew. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2019.
  • Howe, Irving, and Kenneth Libo. World of Our Fathers. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.
  • Idel, Moshe. Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid. Brooklyn, Klav Publishing House, 2019.
  • Jackson, Zakiyyah Iman. Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York, New York UP, 2020.
  • JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh: The Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society, 2003. Psalm 139:16.
  • Lee Lorenz. "I am a golem, but on weekends I do Domino's.", Publication: New Yorker. Artstor, library-artstor-org.pitt.idm.oclc.org/asset/AWSS35953_35953_29921390
  • Manne, Kate. Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny. New York, Oxford UP, 2019.
  • McHugh, Susan. Animal Stories: Narrating across Species Lines. Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2011.
  • Mellor, Anne K. "Possessing Nature: The Female in Frankenstein." Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, the 1818 Text: Contexts, Nineteenth-Century Responses, Modern Criticism, edited by J. Paul Hunter, New York, W.W. Norton, 1996, pp. 274-86. Excerpt originally published in Romanticism and Feminism, 1988.
  • Meyers, Carol L. Rediscovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women in Context. New York, Oxford UP, 2013.
  • Meyrink, Gustav. The Golem. Translated by Mike Mitchell, Sawtry, Dedalus, 2017.
  • ---. The Angel of the West Window. Dedalus, 1991.
  • Nadell, Pamela S. America's Jewish Women: A History from Colonial Times to Today. New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2020.
  • Nocks, Lisa. "The Golem: Between the Technological and the Divine." Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, vol. 21, no. 3, Elsevier Inc, 1998, pp. 281–303, doi:10.1016/S1061-7361(98)80004-0.
  • Oreck, Alden. "Modern Jewish History: The Golem." Jewish Virtual Library: A Project of AICE, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-golem.
  • Ortner, Sherry B. "Is female to male as nature is to culture?" Women, Culture, and Society, edited by M. Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere, Stanford, Stanford UP, 1974, pp. 68-87.
  • Patai, Raphael. Gates to the Old City: A Book of Jewish Legends. New York, Avon, 1980.
  • Plaskow, Judith. Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective. New York, HarperOne, 1991.
  • Pratchett, Terry. Feet of Clay. New York, Harper, 2014.
  • ---. Going Postal. New York, HarperCollins, 2004.
  • Probyn-Rapsey, Fiona. "Anthropocentrism." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • The Psalms: Hebrew Text and English Translation. Edited by A. Cohen, 2nd ed., London, Soncino Press, 1992.
  • Rosenberg, Yudl, and Curt Leviant. The Golem and the Wondrous Deeds of the Maharal of Prague. Yale University Press, 2007. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npzpz. Accessed 22 May 2020.
  • Rosenblatt, Naomi H., and Joshua Horwitz. Wrestling with Angels: What Genesis Teaches Us About Our Spiritual Identity, Sexuality, and Personal Relationships. New York, Delta Trade Paperbacks, 1996.
  • Schalk, Sami. Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction. Duke UP, 2018.
  • Scholem, Gershom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. New York, Schocken Books, 1988.
  • Schwartz, Howard. Gates to the New City: A Treasury of Modern Jewish Tales. New York, Avon, 1983.
  • Seshadri, Kandadai. HumAnimal: Race, Law, Language. Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2012.
  • Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Golem. Illustrated by Uri Shulevitz, New York, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1982.
  • ---. "The Golem Is a Myth for Our Time." The New York Times, 12 Aug. 1984. The Times Digital Archive, www.nytimes.com/1984/08/12/theater/the-golem-is-a-myth-for-our-time.html.
  • Smith, Bonnie G., editor. Women's History in Global Perspective. Vol. 1, American Historical Association, 2004.
  • Smith, Frank Thomas, translator. "The Golem." Southern Cross Review, southerncrossreview.org/94/golem-borges-eng.htm.
  • Solomon, Alisa. "A Jewish Avenger, A Timely Legend: A New Production of 'the Golem' Raises Enduring Questions about Violence and its Consequences. A Jewish Avenger, A Timely Legend from its First Production Till Today, 'the Golem' has been Viewed as a Play about Burning Contemporary Issues." New York Times (1923-Current file), Apr 07 2002, p. 2. ProQuest. Web. 25 May 2020 .
  • Stanescu, James K. "Matter." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 222-33.
  • Varner, Gary. "Sentience." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • Wecker, Helene. The Golem and the Jinni. New York, Harper Perennial, 2014.
  • Weil, Kari. "Difference." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 112-24.
  • Weiner, Robert G. "Marvel Comics and the Golem Legend." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, Winter 2011, pp. 50-72. JSTOR.
  • Weisberger, A. M. "Animal Rights Within Judaism: The Nature of the Relationship Between Religion and Ethics." Sophia, vol. 42, no. 1, Springer Netherlands, May 2003, pp. 77–84, doi:10.1007/BF02824843.
  • Wiesel, Elie. Le Golem. Paris, Pocket, 2001.
  • The William Davidson Talmud. Vols. Sanhedrin 38b. Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.38b?lang=bi.
  • Wisniewski, David. Golem. New York, Clarion Books, 1996.
  • "A Woman Who Burns like Paper." Captain Harlock, season 1, episode 3.

Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 7, 37 - 60, 21.06.2021

Öz

Yaratılış, İsimler ve Yaşam: Kadın Golem Efsanesinde İnsanlık ve Kadınlık

Öz: Kimlerin kültürel otoritesinin onaylandığını ve yadsındığını belirleyen ince hiyerarşisi nadiren “dünyanın tüm parıltılı, gölgeli belirsizliklerini görebileceğimiz” folklorunu ele aldığı zamandan daha belirgindir. Yahudi folklorunda kilden yaratılan bir varlık olan Golem miti, çoğu Golem hikâyesinde bulunan insanlık ile erkeklik varsayılan eşitlemesi ile ilgilenmek için ideal bir fırsat sağlamaktadır. Çalışmam, kadın Golem'in iyileşmiş figürünü inceleyerek kadını ikincil, insanı ise üstün konumlandıran bu hiyerarşiyi bozmayı denemektedir. Kadın Golem’in karmaşık edebi tarihinin izini sürerek Süleyman ibn Cebirol’a atfedilen kadın düşmanı kadın Golem mitine odaklanarak Helene Wecker’ın The Golem and the Jinni [Golem ve Cin] ve Alice Hoffman’ın The World That We Knew’sında [Bildiğimiz Dünya] kurgulanan ‘kadın’ ve ‘insan’ kategorilerinin kesişimlerini sorguluyorum. Hoffman ve Wecker tarafından geliştirilen feminist eleştirilerin detaylandırılması yoluyla bazı hümanist düşüncelerin her bir romanın feminist projesini arta bıraktığı ve sınırladığı yolu araştırarak her bir yazarın dişi Golem'i feminist gözden geçirmesiyle başarılan post-hümanist düşünceye kısa bakışı vurguluyorum. Bu romanları incelemek için post-hümanist felsefeden ve feminist ve Yahudi feminist edebiyat eleştirisinden yararlanarak sonunda feminist müdahalelerin başarısı için post-hümanist düşüncenin gerekliliğini öneriyorum.

Kaynakça

  • Ashton, Dianne. "Hippies, Hasidim, and Havurot." Hanukkah in America, vol. 6, New York University Press, 2020, pp. 229–63.
  • Ausubel, Nathan. A Treasury of Jewish Folklore: Stories, Traditions, Legends, Humor, Wisdom and Folk Songs of the Jewish People. New York, Crown Publishers, 1948.
  • Baer, Elizabeth R. The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post-Holocaust Fiction. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2012.
  • Barzilai, Maya, and ProQuest (Firm). Golem: Modern Wars and their Monsters. New York University Press, New York, 2016.
  • Baskin, Judith R. Jewish Women in Historical Perspective. 2nd ed., Detroit, Wayne State UP, 2004.
  • Bennett, Jane. The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics. Princeton, Princeton UP, 2001.
  • ---. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham, Duke UP, 2010.
  • Baer, Elizabeth R. The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post-Holocaust Fiction. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2012.
  • Barzilai, Maya, and ProQuest (Firm). Golem: Modern Wars and their Monsters. New York University Press, New York, 2016.
  • Basham, Diana. The Trial of Woman: Feminism and the Occult Sciences in Victorian Literature and Society. Macmillan, 1992.
  • Baskin, Judith R. Jewish Women in Historical Perspective. 2nd ed., Detroit, Wayne State UP, 2004.
  • Bennett, Jane. The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics. Princeton, Princeton UP, 2001.
  • ---. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham, Duke UP, 2010.
  • Berg, Philip S. The Essential Zohar: The Source of Kabbalistic Wisdom. New York, Three Rivers Press, 2004.
  • Boyarin, Daniel. Socrates & the Fat Rabbis. Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2009.
  • Braidotti, Rosi. "Four Thesis on Posthuman Feminism" Anthropocene Feminism, edited by Richard Grusin, University of Minnesota Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/pitt-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745552.
  • Buzay, Emmanuel. "Le Golem : Généalogie et Postérité D'une Figure Paradigmatique Du Post-Humanisme." Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, vol. 22, no. 3, Routledge, 2018, pp. 353–61, doi:10.1080/17409292.2018.1494260.
  • Chabon, Michael. The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay. New York, Random House, 2012.
  • Chiang, Ted. "Seventy-Two Letters." Steampunk, by Ann VanderMeer and Jeff VanderMeer, San Francisco, Tachyon, 2008.
  • Contrada, Norma. "Golem and Robot: A Search for Connections." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 7, no. 2/3 (26/27), 1995, pp. 244–254. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43308245. Accessed 13 Nov. 2020.
  • Creed, Barbara. "Horror and the Monstrous-Feminine: An Imaginary Abjection." The Monster Theory Reader, edited by Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2020, pp. 211-26.
  • Daly, Mary. Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation. Boston, Beacon Press, 1973.
  • Davidson, Jane P. "Golem — Frankenstein — Golem of Your Own." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 7, no. 2/3 (26/27), 1995, pp. 228–243. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43308244. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020.
  • Davidson, Avram. "The Golem." Wandering Stars: An Anthology of Jewish Fantasy and Science Fiction, by Jack Dann, New York, Harper & Row, 1974, pp. 55-61.
  • Dayan, Colin. "Personhood." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • Deckha, Maneesha. "Postcolonial." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 280-93.
  • Dekel, Edan, and David Gantt Gurley. "How the Golem Came to Prague." The Jewish Quarterly Review, vol. 103, no. 2, Spring 2013, pp. 241-58. JSTOR, www.ma.huji.ac.il/~kazhdan/Shneider/Dekel,Gurley.Golem.pdf.
  • Der Golem: Wie er in die Welt Kam, (The Golem: As He Came into the World). 1920. Artstor, library-artstor-org.pitt.idm.oclc.org/asset/MOMA_11030007.
  • "Empathy." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 141-53.
  • Encyclopaedia Judaica: Fr-Ha. Jerusalem, Keter Publishing House, 1971.
  • Glueckel, Glikl: Memoirs 1691-1719. Edited by Chava Turniansky, Waltham, Brandeis UP, 2019.
  • Glustrom, Simon. The Language of Judaism. New York, Jonathan David, 1966.
  • The Golem: How He Came into the World. Directed by Paul Wegener and Carl Boese, Ufa Studios, 1920..
  • Grossman, Avraham. Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe. Translated by Jonathan Chipman, Waltham, Brandeis UP, 2004.
  • Held, Jacob M. "A Golem Is Not Born, but Rather Becomes, a Woman: Gender on the Disc." Edited by James South. Academia.
  • The Hirsch Tehillim: The Psalms. Edited by Samson Raphael Hirsch, translated by Gertrude Hirschler, rev. ed., Nanuet, Feldheim Publishers, 2016.
  • Hoffman, Alice. The World That We Knew. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2019.
  • Howe, Irving, and Kenneth Libo. World of Our Fathers. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.
  • Idel, Moshe. Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid. Brooklyn, Klav Publishing House, 2019.
  • Jackson, Zakiyyah Iman. Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York, New York UP, 2020.
  • JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh: The Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society, 2003. Psalm 139:16.
  • Lee Lorenz. "I am a golem, but on weekends I do Domino's.", Publication: New Yorker. Artstor, library-artstor-org.pitt.idm.oclc.org/asset/AWSS35953_35953_29921390
  • Manne, Kate. Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny. New York, Oxford UP, 2019.
  • McHugh, Susan. Animal Stories: Narrating across Species Lines. Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2011.
  • Mellor, Anne K. "Possessing Nature: The Female in Frankenstein." Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, the 1818 Text: Contexts, Nineteenth-Century Responses, Modern Criticism, edited by J. Paul Hunter, New York, W.W. Norton, 1996, pp. 274-86. Excerpt originally published in Romanticism and Feminism, 1988.
  • Meyers, Carol L. Rediscovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women in Context. New York, Oxford UP, 2013.
  • Meyrink, Gustav. The Golem. Translated by Mike Mitchell, Sawtry, Dedalus, 2017.
  • ---. The Angel of the West Window. Dedalus, 1991.
  • Nadell, Pamela S. America's Jewish Women: A History from Colonial Times to Today. New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2020.
  • Nocks, Lisa. "The Golem: Between the Technological and the Divine." Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, vol. 21, no. 3, Elsevier Inc, 1998, pp. 281–303, doi:10.1016/S1061-7361(98)80004-0.
  • Oreck, Alden. "Modern Jewish History: The Golem." Jewish Virtual Library: A Project of AICE, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-golem.
  • Ortner, Sherry B. "Is female to male as nature is to culture?" Women, Culture, and Society, edited by M. Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere, Stanford, Stanford UP, 1974, pp. 68-87.
  • Patai, Raphael. Gates to the Old City: A Book of Jewish Legends. New York, Avon, 1980.
  • Plaskow, Judith. Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective. New York, HarperOne, 1991.
  • Pratchett, Terry. Feet of Clay. New York, Harper, 2014.
  • ---. Going Postal. New York, HarperCollins, 2004.
  • Probyn-Rapsey, Fiona. "Anthropocentrism." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • The Psalms: Hebrew Text and English Translation. Edited by A. Cohen, 2nd ed., London, Soncino Press, 1992.
  • Rosenberg, Yudl, and Curt Leviant. The Golem and the Wondrous Deeds of the Maharal of Prague. Yale University Press, 2007. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npzpz. Accessed 22 May 2020.
  • Rosenblatt, Naomi H., and Joshua Horwitz. Wrestling with Angels: What Genesis Teaches Us About Our Spiritual Identity, Sexuality, and Personal Relationships. New York, Delta Trade Paperbacks, 1996.
  • Schalk, Sami. Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction. Duke UP, 2018.
  • Scholem, Gershom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. New York, Schocken Books, 1988.
  • Schwartz, Howard. Gates to the New City: A Treasury of Modern Jewish Tales. New York, Avon, 1983.
  • Seshadri, Kandadai. HumAnimal: Race, Law, Language. Minneapolis, U of Minnesota P, 2012.
  • Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Golem. Illustrated by Uri Shulevitz, New York, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1982.
  • ---. "The Golem Is a Myth for Our Time." The New York Times, 12 Aug. 1984. The Times Digital Archive, www.nytimes.com/1984/08/12/theater/the-golem-is-a-myth-for-our-time.html.
  • Smith, Bonnie G., editor. Women's History in Global Perspective. Vol. 1, American Historical Association, 2004.
  • Smith, Frank Thomas, translator. "The Golem." Southern Cross Review, southerncrossreview.org/94/golem-borges-eng.htm.
  • Solomon, Alisa. "A Jewish Avenger, A Timely Legend: A New Production of 'the Golem' Raises Enduring Questions about Violence and its Consequences. A Jewish Avenger, A Timely Legend from its First Production Till Today, 'the Golem' has been Viewed as a Play about Burning Contemporary Issues." New York Times (1923-Current file), Apr 07 2002, p. 2. ProQuest. Web. 25 May 2020 .
  • Stanescu, James K. "Matter." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 222-33.
  • Varner, Gary. "Sentience." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018.
  • Wecker, Helene. The Golem and the Jinni. New York, Harper Perennial, 2014.
  • Weil, Kari. "Difference." Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen, Chicago, U of Chicago P, 2018, pp. 112-24.
  • Weiner, Robert G. "Marvel Comics and the Golem Legend." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, Winter 2011, pp. 50-72. JSTOR.
  • Weisberger, A. M. "Animal Rights Within Judaism: The Nature of the Relationship Between Religion and Ethics." Sophia, vol. 42, no. 1, Springer Netherlands, May 2003, pp. 77–84, doi:10.1007/BF02824843.
  • Wiesel, Elie. Le Golem. Paris, Pocket, 2001.
  • The William Davidson Talmud. Vols. Sanhedrin 38b. Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.38b?lang=bi.
  • Wisniewski, David. Golem. New York, Clarion Books, 1996.
  • "A Woman Who Burns like Paper." Captain Harlock, season 1, episode 3.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kültürel çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Marissa Herzıg Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8440-7929

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA Herzıg, M. (2021). Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth. İsrailiyat(7), 37-60.
AMA Herzıg M. Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth. İSRAİLİYAT. Haziran 2021;(7):37-60.
Chicago Herzıg, Marissa. “Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth”. İsrailiyat, sy. 7 (Haziran 2021): 37-60.
EndNote Herzıg M (01 Haziran 2021) Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth. İsrailiyat 7 37–60.
IEEE M. Herzıg, “Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth”, İSRAİLİYAT, sy. 7, ss. 37–60, Haziran 2021.
ISNAD Herzıg, Marissa. “Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth”. İsrailiyat 7 (Haziran 2021), 37-60.
JAMA Herzıg M. Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth. İSRAİLİYAT. 2021;:37–60.
MLA Herzıg, Marissa. “Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth”. İsrailiyat, sy. 7, 2021, ss. 37-60.
Vancouver Herzıg M. Creation, Names, and Life: Humanity and Femininity in the Female Golem Myth. İSRAİLİYAT. 2021(7):37-60.