BURMA’DAN MYANMAR’A ARAKAN’DA ROHİNGYA MÜSLÜMANLARI

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 29, 173 - 197, 29.12.2017

Ahmet Ateş

Öz

Uzun zaman boyunca Burma Birliği olarak bilinen
ancak 1989’da Myanmar Birliği olarak adı değiştirilen ülke, 1962’den 2011’e
kadar Tatmadaw olarak adlandırılan askeri dikta ile yönetilmiştir. Bu dönemde
askeri cunta çok sayıda anti demokratik uygulamayı hayata geçirmiştir. Burmalı
Müslümanlar bu anti demokratik uygulamaların hedefinde olmuştur. Bu çerçevede
Arakan olarak bilinen fakat resmen Rahkine Devleti olarak adlandırılan bölgede
yaşayan etnik ve dini bir azınlık olan Rohingya Müslümanlarına Burma rejimi
vatandaşlık vermemiştir. Ayrıca rejim, Rohingya Müslümanlarını Bengal’den gelen
yasadışı göçmenler olarak tanımlamış ve onlara yönelik ihlallerin önünü
açmıştır. Bu bağlamda vatandaşlık haklarından mahrum bırakılan Rohingya
Müslümanları, uluslararası örgütler ve BM’nin raporlarına yansıyan zorla güç,
zorla çalıştırma, işkence, cinsel şiddet ve tecavüz gibi çeşitli ihlallere
uğramıştır. Bu ihlallerin en önemli nedenlerinin başında askeri cuntanın anti
demokratik uygulamaları ve dini faktörler gelmektedir. Ancak bu nedenler
Rohingya meselesinin teşhis edilmesinde yeterli değildir ve burada bir boşluğun
doğduğu savunulabilir. Bu çalışmada Rohingya çatışmanın ekonomik, siyasi,
kültürel ve sosyal nedenleri incelenerek, bu boşluğun giderilmesine katkı
sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Burma, Myanmar, Arakan, Rahkine Eyaleti, Tatmadaw, Rohingya Müslümanları

Kaynakça

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