Patolojik Narsisizm: Duygusal İstismar ve "Gaslighting" Perspektifinden Kapsamlı Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Kendini aşırı önemseme, abartılmış benmerkezcilik ve kişilerarası ilişkilerde problemler ile karakterize olan patolojik narsisizm gösteren bireyler, duygusal ilişkilerinde arzularını ve megaloman duygularını tatmin etme amaçlı diğer kişilere karşı hem empati eksikliği göstermekte hem de onları duygusal açıdan istismar etmeye eğilimli olabilmektedir. Gaslighting, narsisistik bireyin partneri üzerinde güç ve kontrol kurmaya çalıştığı duygusal ilişki içerisinde gelişebilen hem onun şahsi yargı, düşünce ve deneyimlerine olan inancını hem de kendisine olan güven duygusunu zedeleyebilen benliğe yönelik bir duygusal istismar biçimi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Duygusal istismar ise, kişilik gelişimini negatif yönde etkileyen ve psikiyatrik bozuklukların etiyolojisinde temel bir öneme sahip başlıca faktörlerden biridir. Olumsuz bir yaşam deneyimi olarak değerlendirilebilen patolojik uzun dönemli duygusal ilişki esnasında veya sonrasında mağdur; travmatik bağlanma ve reviktimizasyon ile karakterize olan dissosiyatif bozukluk ve/veya travma sonrası stres bozukluğu tanısı alabilmektedir. Psikoterapi adına duygusal istismarın narsisistik bireylerin kurduğu romantik ilişkilerde ortaya çıkış ritüellerine ve partnerleri üzerindeki negatif yönelimli psikolojik etkilerine açıklık kazandırmak temel bir gerekliliktir. Duygusal istismara dair yapılan çalışmalar, hem toplumda patolojik düzeydeki narsisistik bireylerin fark edilebilmesine hem de narsisistik istismarı önleme çalışmalarının ivme kazanmasına önemli katkılar sağlamaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada patolojik duygusal ilişki içerisinde yer alan narsisistik bireylerin partnerleri üzerinde kullandığı duygusal istismar ve gaslightingin ortaya çıkış biçimleri ve mağdurun ruhsal yapısı üzerindeki negatif etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• narsisizm
• duygusal istismar
• gaslighting
• yakın partner ilişkileri
• ihanet travması
• travmatik bağlanma

Kaynakça

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