A Structural Phenomenon of World Society: Irregular Migration

Öz

Irregular migration constitutes one of the most debated dimensions of international migration movements, which have accelerated with globalization. State border policies, based on the distinction between citizens and non-citizens, contradict individuals' efforts to achieve better living conditions, thereby giving rise to the phenomenon of irregular migration. The contradiction between nation-states' approaches to border security and sovereignty and the inclusive nature of economic and social function systems renders irregular migration an inevitable phenomenon in the modern world society. Irregular migration emerges within a scenario where these two opposing logics interact. Within this paradox, while social structures push individuals toward increased global mobility, political powers attempt to regulate or restrict such movements. The mismatch between the flows generated by the former and those accepted and legitimized by the latter determines that a constant number of migrants engage in irregular mobility, residence, and employment. This study aims to examine the conditions under which irregular migration emerges, its historical evolution, and its sociological dimensions within the context of state-migrant relations. Rather than merely viewing irregular migration as a legal issue, this study conceptualizes it as a dynamic phenomenon shaped by the interaction of various social systems. It analyzes how state border policies and migration governance approaches interact with global economic, legal, educational, and social systems. The study highlights the tension between migrants' strategies for achieving social mobility and states' efforts to restrict such mobility. It concludes that understanding irregular migration solely from a security or legal violation perspective is insufficient; instead, it must be examined through a multidimensional framework encompassing social differentiation processes, international policies, and individual strategies. Moreover, it underscores the need for further empirical research on this complex phenomenon.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Globalization
• mobility
• irregular migration
• nation-state
• social systems

Dünya Toplumunun Yapısal Fenomeni: Düzensiz Göç

Öz

Düzensiz göç, küreselleşme ile hız kazanan uluslararası göç hareketlerinin en tartışmalı boyutlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Devletlerin vatandaş-yabancı ayrımına dayalı sınır politikaları, bireylerin daha iyi yaşam koşullarına ulaşma çabasıyla çelişmekte ve bu durum düzensiz göç olgusunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ulus-devletlerin sınır güvenliği ve egemenlik anlayışı ile ekonomik ve toplumsal işlev sistemlerinin kapsayıcı yapısı arasındaki çelişki, düzensiz göçü modern dünya toplumunun kaçınılmaz bir fenomeni haline getirmektedir. Düzensiz göç, bu iki farklı ve zıt mantığın etkileşime girdiği bir senaryoda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu paradoks çerçevesinde sosyal yapılar insanların dünya çapında daha fazla hareketliliğini zorlarken, siyasi güçler bunları düzenlemeye ya da durdurmaya çalışmaktadır. İlki tarafından yaratılan akışlar ile ikincisi tarafından kabul edilen ve meşrulaştırılanlar arasındaki uyumsuzluk, sürekli sayıda göçmenin düzensiz bir şekilde harekete katıldığını, ikamet ettiğini ve çalıştığını belirlemektedir. Bu çalışma, düzensiz göçün ortaya çıkış koşullarını, tarihsel gelişimini ve devlet-göçmen ilişkileri bağlamında kazandığı sosyolojik boyutları ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, düzensiz göç yalnızca bir yasallık sorunu olarak değil, farklı toplumsal sistemlerin etkileşimi sonucunda şekillenen dinamik bir olgu olarak ele alınmaktadır. Devletlerin sınır politikaları ve göç yönetimi yaklaşımlarının, küresel ekonomi, hukuk, eğitim ve sosyal sistemlerle nasıl bir etkileşim içerisinde olduğu analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma, göçmenlerin sosyal hareketliliğe erişim stratejileri ile devletlerin bu hareketliliği sınırlama çabaları arasındaki gerilimi gözler önüne sermektedir. Düzensiz göçün yalnızca güvenlik ve yasa ihlali perspektifiyle ele alınmasının yetersiz olduğu, bunun yerine olgunun toplumsal farklılaşma süreçleri, uluslararası politikalar ve bireysel stratejiler bağlamında çok boyutlu bir şekilde incelenmesi ve ampirik çalışmaların artırılması gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küreselleşme
• hareketlilik
• düzensiz göç
• ulus-devlet
• toplumsal sistemler

Kaynakça

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