YENİ BİR GÖÇ KRİZİNİN EŞİĞİNDE BATI YARIM KÜRE: TEMEL BİLEŞENLERİYLE VENEZUELA MÜLTECİ KRİZİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 42, 1662 - 1687, 19.12.2021

Ali İhsan Çelen

https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.802561

Öz

Bolivarcı Venezuela Cumhuriyeti (Venezuela) özellikle son on yıl içerisinde giderek derinleşen ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal krizlere sahne olmuştur. Bunun bir sonucu olarak ülkeden ayrılmaların son dönemlerde katlanarak artması tüm dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir.
Amaç: Buna göre çalışmanın amacını; ülkeden ayrılmaların uluslararası mülteci kriterlerini sağlayıp sağlamadığını ortaya koymak, yaşanan göçün kantitatif ve kalitatif boyutunu temel bileşenleri ile birlikte irdelemek oluşturmaktadır.
Yöntem: Yapılan çalışma, nitel ve nicel veri analizlerine dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Bölgesel Mülteci ve Göçmen Müdahale Planı (RMRP) dikkate alınarak göçmen krizine yol açan temel sorun alanları belirlenmiştir. UNHCR ve IOM başta olmak üzere küresel gıda, sağlık, güvenlik ve insan hakları kurum ve kuruluşlarının konu ile ilgili veri ve raporları incelenmiş, ilgili literatür taranmış ve yaşanan göçmen krizi; artan gıda güvensizliği, çökmekte olan sağlık sistemi, artan suç oranları ve yaygınlaşan vatandaş güvencesizliği, siyasi ve medeni hakların ihlali bileşenleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Sonuç olarak ülkeden ayrılmalar özellikle ikinci dalganın ortalarından itibaren (2016-2017) yaşanan göç dalgaları; 1951 Mülteci Sözleşmesi, 1967 Protokolü ve 1984 Cartagena Deklarasyonu mülteci kriterlerine uygun bir özellik taşımakta ve süreç özellikle Batı Yarım Küre için yeni ve çaplı bir mülteci krizine dönüşmektedir.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışma ile Venezuela’da yaşanan ülkeden ayrılmaların bölgesel bir mülteci krizine dönüştüğü ortaya konulmuştur. Bu durum öncelikle bölge ülkeleri için ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan önemli bir tehdit unsuru haline dönüşmüştür. Buna göre UNHCR ve IOM’un görüşü çerçevesinde tartışmasız mülteci statüsünün tüm küresel otoritelerce kabul edilmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Venezuela, Göçmen, Yerinden Edilme, Mülteci/Sığınmacı

Western Hemisphere on The Verge of A New Migration Crisis: Venezuela Refugee Crisis With Its Basic Components

Öz

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Venezuela) has experienced increasingly deepening economic, political and social crises especially in the last decade. As a result of this the great increase in displacements from the country in recent years has attracted all the attention.
Purpose: Accordingly, the aim of the study is to reveal whether the departure from the country meets the international refugee criteria and to examine the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the migration with its basic components.
Method: The study is based on qualitative and quantitative data analysis. In addition the main problem areas have been identified according to Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan (RMRP). In this context, the data and reports of global food, health, safety and human rights institutions and organizations, especially UNHCR and IOM, and the relevant literatute were analyzed so the displacemets is a migrant crisis experienced in terms of increasing food insecurity, a collapsing healthcare system, citizen insecurity and rising crime rates, and violations of civil and political rights.
Findings: As a result, the displacements from the country are happening in the migration waves is a refugee crisis especially since the middle of the second wave (2016-2017). And it is suitable for the 1951 Refugee Convention, the 1967 Protocol and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration refugee criterias.
Originality: With this study, it has been revealed that the departure from the country in Venezuela has turned into a regional refugee crisis. This situation is turning into an important economic and social threat for the countries of the region. Accordingly, within the framework of UNHCR and IOM's opinion, the undisputed refugee status should be accepted by all global authorities and necessary measures should be taken.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Venezuela, Migrant, Displacement, Refugee and Asylum Seeker

Kaynakça

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