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Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications

Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 31 Mart 2026
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Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications

Öz

This study examines the Black Sea region within the framework of Regional Security Complex Theory and focuses on the relational and multi-layered nature of security dynamics among actors. Drawing on the theoretical framework developed by Buzan and Wæver, the study argues that security in the Black Sea should be evaluated not only in terms of material capabilities but also on the basis of historically shaped perceptions and interactions among multiple actors. The security complex emphasizes the importance of relational dynamics among actors and highlights that these dynamics intensify at the regional level. The analysis addresses the historical development of Russia’s security policies in the Black Sea and examines how these policies have transformed over time. In particular, the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the Russia–Ukraine war that began in 2022 are considered as turning points that have fundamentally transformed the region’s security environment. The study reveals how these developments have reshaped regional security dynamics and their effects on the broader international context. In the study, the Black Sea is addressed as a critical geopolitical space where regional and extra-regional actors intersect, and Russia’s central position within this space, as well as its perception of the region as a vital buffer zone for its national security, are analyzed. The study places the Black Sea within a broader international framework by considering the roles of external actors such as NATO, the United States, and China. While NATO seeks to increase its deterrence capacity in the Black Sea, the United States develops strategies through its partners due to its lack of direct access to the region. China, on the other hand, attempts to expand its sphere of influence in the Black Sea, which it regards as a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the Black Sea, the military, economic, and political dimensions of security relations among regional and extra-regional actors are of critical importance. Security dynamics among actors influence one another; this influence is not limited to the regional level but also has global repercussions. In the study, an analysis based on a literature review has been conducted, and various sources have been utilized in order to interpret both historical and contemporary developments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black Sea, Russia, Shifting Policies, Regional Security Complex, International Politics

Kaynakça

  1. Antonenko, O. (2009). Towards a comprehensive regional security framework in the Black Sea region after the Russia–Georgia war. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(3), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683850902934275
  2. Akgül, P. (2020). Karadeniz’in bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi olarak incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 550–569.
  3. Ay, H. M. & Söylemez A. (2023). Grain Corridor Agreement and Turkey’s role in the Russia-Ukraine War. Islamic World and Politics, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v7i1.27
  4. Bechev, D. (2025, June 19). The Black Sea has become the fulcrum of Europe’s security. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2025/06/the-black-sea-has-become-the-fulcrum-of-europes-security?lang=en
  5. Borisocheva, K. (2007). Analysis of the oil- and gas-pipeline-links between EU and Russia: An account of intrinsic interests. Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/47031/Analysis%20Oil%20and%20Gas.pdf
  6. Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear: The national security problem in international relations. Brighton, UK: Wheatsheaf Books.
  7. Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  8. Buzan, B., & Wæver, O. (2003). Regions and powers: The structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  9. Clough, G. (2024). To fend off Russia in the Black Sea, the US and NATO need to help boost allies’ naval power. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/to-fend-off-russia-in-the-black-sea-the-us-and-nato-need-to-help-boost-allies-naval-power/
  10. Coşkun, A. (2024, February 27). The shifting balance of power in the Black Sea. GIS Reports. https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/Türkiye-black-sea/

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ketenci, A. (2026). Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1703337
AMA
1.Ketenci A. Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications. itobiad. 2026;15(1):161-180. doi:10.15869/itobiad.1703337
Chicago
Ketenci, Ayşegül. 2026. “Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 (1): 161-80. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1703337.
EndNote
Ketenci A (01 Mart 2026) Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 1 161–180.
IEEE
[1]A. Ketenci, “Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications”, itobiad, c. 15, sy 1, ss. 161–180, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.15869/itobiad.1703337.
ISNAD
Ketenci, Ayşegül. “Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 15/1 (01 Mart 2026): 161-180. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1703337.
JAMA
1.Ketenci A. Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications. itobiad. 2026;15:161–180.
MLA
Ketenci, Ayşegül. “Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 15, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 161-80, doi:10.15869/itobiad.1703337.
Vancouver
1.Ayşegül Ketenci. Russia’s Shifting Black Sea Policies: Regional and International Implications. itobiad. 01 Mart 2026;15(1):161-80. doi:10.15869/itobiad.1703337