Predicting Stock-Exchange Indexes by Using Support Vector Machines
Abstract
Support Vector Machines (SVM) is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms. In this study, it is aimed to use SVM, which is one of the leading stock indices of the world together with BIST100 index and a machine learning technique in the classification of return directions of S&P 500, DAX and NIKKEI 225 indices. Besides, it is aimed to reveal the estimation (classification) performances of these techniques. For this purpose, SVMs have been used to model the “upward” and “downward” trends of stock market indices. In addition, the effects of macroeconomic variables on stock market indices are analysed. The data set of the study includes 82 observational values of dependent and independent variables monthly between 01.01.2013- 30.11.2019. 70 (85%) of these observation values are used for modelling (training) and 12 (15%) for classification (test). As a result of the study, it is found that the model shows success in upward forecasts, but it does not show the same success in downward forecasts.
Keywords
Kaynakça
- Ahn, J. J., Oh, K. J., Kim, T. Y., & Kim, D. H. (2011). Usefulness of Support Vector Machine to Develop An Early Warning System for Financial Crisis. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(4), 2966-2973.
- Altınırmak, S., & Karamaşa, Ç. (2016). Bankaların Finansal Başarısızlıklarının İncelenmesinde Makine Öğrenme Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(36), 291-304.
- Apaydın, E. (2014). Introduction to Machine Learning. Third Edition, The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England.
- Ayhan, S., & Erdoğmuş, Ş. (2014). Destek Vektör Makineleriyle Sınıflandırma Problemlerinin Çözümü İçin Çekirdek Fonksiyonu Seçimi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 175-201.
- Bayramoğlu, A.T., & Başarır, Ç. (2019). Blockchain Economics and Financial Market Innovation Financial Innovations in the Digital Age: The Linkage Between Cryptocurrencies and Macro-Financial Parameters: A Data Mining Approach. Springer Nature Switzerland, 249-269.
- Basarir, C., & Bayramoglu, M. F. (2018). Global Approaches in Financial Economics, Banking, and Finance: Global Macroeconomic Determinants of the Domestic Commodity Derivatives. Springer, Cham, 331-349.
- Burbidge, R., Trotter, M., Buxton, B., & Holden, S. (2001). Drug Design by Machines Learning: Support Vector Machines for Pharmaceutical Data Analysis. Computer and Chemistry 26, 5–14.
- Cao, L. J. (2003). Support Vector Machines Experts for Time Series Forecasting. Neurocomputing, 51, 321–339.
- https://www.investing.com, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
- Hua, Z., Wang, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, B., & Liang, L. (2007). Predicting Corporate Financial Distress Based on Integration of Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression. Expert Systems with Applications, 33(2), 434-440.