The Effects of Individual Social Media Use on Psychological Symptoms

Yıl 2020, , 3758 - 3773, 29.12.2020

Mustafa Sarsu , Okan Sarıgöz

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.786579

Öz

Social media is generally defined as platforms through which the users are able to systematically establish communication or interaction, self-presentation can be realized through their sharing, and the need for socialization can be virtually realized. Particularly in recent years, the use of social media has emerged as an outstanding problem with the increasing use of the internet, mobile phones, tablets, computers and other mass media in the field of communication around the world as well as in our country. This rapidly erupted situation is also considered to cause mass physical and psychological health problems all over the world. The main reasons behind the increase use of social media are mainly depend on the attitudes of individuals towards social media and the related psychological symptoms. These symptoms can be summarized as somatization; transformation of stress into somatic symptoms, OCD; obsessive thought disorder, interpersonal sensitivity; feelings that cause difficulties in relationships, depression; sadness and depressed mood, anxiety; excessive and constant anxiety, paranoid thinking; emotional states such as suspecting and not trusting anyone, psychotism; lack of empathy with an aggressive instinct, additional scale; and measuring the amount of conditions such as anorexia and insomnia. The current study mainly focuses on the investigations of social media levels of individuals, the factors affecting social media use and the relationship between social media use and psychological symptoms. The relational scanning model was used in the research. The study sample was constructed by 373 participants (239 females and 134 male) who voluntarily joined the online survey application. The demographics and other data was collected via SCL-90-R symptom screening test was statistically analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social media, Social medis attitude, Socialization, Psychology, Psychological Symptom

Bireysel Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Psikolojik Semptomlar Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Sosyal medya, sistemsel olarak kullanıcıları arasında iletişim veya etkileşim kurulabilen, paylaşımları vasıtası ile benlik sunumu gerçekleştirilebilen ve sosyalleşme ihtiyacının sanal olarak gerçekleştirilebilmesine imkan sağlayan platformlardır. Özellikle son yıllarda dünyada ve ülkemizde internet, cep telefonları, tabletler, bilgisayar ve diğer kitle iletişim araçlarının iletişim alanında kullanılmaya başlamasıyla beraber sosyal medya kullanımı da bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çok kısa bir zamanda, çok hızlı bir şekilde ve beklenenden çok fazla bir artış gösteren bu sorunlar insanların sağlığını fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak ciddi anlamda bozmaya başlamıştır. Aslında sosyal medya kullanmadaki artışın sebebi ağırlıklı olarak bireylerin sosyal medyaya karşı olan tutumları ve bireyde bulunan psikolojik semptomlardır. Bu semptomlar, Somatizasyon; stresin bedensel belirtilere dönüşmesi, OKB; saplantılı düşünce bozukluğu, Kişilerarası duyarlılık; ilişkilerde zorlukların yaşanmasına neden olan hisler, Depresyon; üzüntü ve çökkün duygu hali, Anksiyete; aşırı ve sürekli kaygı duyma hali, Paranoid düşünce; sürekli şüphelenerek kimseye güvenmeme gibi duygu durumları, Psikotisizm; saldırgan bir iç güdüyle empati yetisinden yoksun olma, Ek skala; iştahsızlık ve uykusuzluk gibi durumların miktarını ölçme olarak özetlenebilir. Bu araştırmada, bireylerin sosyal medya düzeyleri, sosyal medya kullanımını etkileyen unsurlar ve sosyal medya kullanımının psikolojik semptomlar ile ilişkisi incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, çevrimiçi ölçek uygulamasına katılan 239 kadın, 134 erkek olmak üzere toplam 373 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve SCL-90-R belirti tarama testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS-25 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal medyayı kadınların, bekarların ve genç bireylerin diğer bireylere oranla daha yoğun kullandıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada sosyal medya kullanım süreleri ile psikolojik semptomlar arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu da belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Medya, Sosyal Medya Tutumu, Sosyalleşme, Psikoloji, Psikolojik Semptom

Kaynakça

• Abak, E. (2019). The relationship between ruminative thinking style, body image and social appearance anxiety to romantic relationship centered and partner-focused obsessive compulsive symptoms. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
• Acılar, A. & Mersin, S. (2015). The relationship between university students' use of facebook and privacy anxiety. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(54), 103-114. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2715347
• Akram, W. & Kumar, R. (2017). A study on positive and negative effects of social media on society. Internatıonal Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 5 (10), 347-354. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v5i10.351354
• Aktan, E. (2018). Social media and social anxiety: A study on social media users. Selcuk University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal, 11(2), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.397272
• Anthes, E. (2014). Depression: A change of mind. Nature, 515, 185-187. https://www.nature.com/news/polopoly_fs/1.16325!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/515185a.pdf
• Arslan, H. & Ünal, M. (1995). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Turkish Psychiatry Index (3), 101-142. http://psikiyatridizini.net/articles.aspx?journalid=29&year=1995&volume=&number=3
• Aydın, A. & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2016). Interpersonal Sensitivity and Nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 7(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.5505/phd.2016.96158
• Aziz, A. (2018). Introduction to Communication. İstanbul: Aksu Publisher.
• Baykal, N. (2018). 25-year-old Internet in Turkey. https://bilimgenc.tubitak.gov.tr/makale/turkiyede-internet-25-yasinda
• Bilgin, M. (2018). The relationship between social media addiction and psychological disorders in adolescents. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 3(3), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.452045
• Çalışır, G. (2015). Social media as a tool used in ınterpersonal communication: a research for gümüşhane university communication faculty students. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 10(3), 115-144, https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.4C0197
• Çömlekçi, M.F. & Başol, O. (2019). Investigation of the relationship between youth's social media usage purposes and social media addiction. Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(4), 173-188. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.525652
• Derogatis, L.R., Rickels, K. & Rock, A.F. (1974). The SCL-90 and British J Psychol 1976 the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. British J Psychol , 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.128.3.280
• Doğan, U. & Tosun, N. (2016). Social anxiety and mediating effects of problematic smartphone use on high school students. Adıyaman University Institute of Social Sciences, 8(22), 100-128. doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.66762.
• Eysenck, M. & Eysenck, H. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. California: Plenum Press.
• Geniş, B. (2018). Social media addiction and depression. 10th National Anxiety Congress, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331939524_Sosyal_Medya_Bagimliligi_ve_Depresyon
• Gümüş, N. (2018). Investigation of consumer perceptions toward social media marketing activities: a study on Kyrgyzstan. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 7(3), 391-413.
• Kang, K., Yoon, C. & Kim, E.Y. (2016). Identifying depressive users in twitter using multimodal analysis, in Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp), International Conference on. IEEE, 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIGCOMP.2016.7425918
• Karadağ, A. & Akçınar, B. (2019). The relationship between social media addiction and psychological symptoms in university students. Journal of Dependence, 20(3), 154-166. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/786023
• Karasar, N. (2012). Scientific Research Method. Ankara: Nobel Publishing
• Kemp, S. (2020). 2020 year internet and social media usage statistics. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
• Kılıç, M. (1991). Validity and reliability study of symptom check list (SCL.90-R). Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 45-52. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/200019
• Kırpınar, İ. (1997). Psychiatry Basic Book. Ankara: MedicoGraphics- Physicians Publications Association.
• Labrague, L. (2014). Facebook Use and adolescents' emotional states of depression anxiety and stress. Health Science Journal , 8 (1), 80-89, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262725734_Facebook_use_and_adolescents'_emotional_states_of_depression_anxiety_and_stress
• Park, S., Kim, I., Lee, S. W., Yoo, J., Jeong, B. & Cha, M. (2015). Manifestation of depression and loneliness on social networks: A case study of young adults on Facebook. Young Adults and Online Behavior, 557-570, https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675139
• Rosen, G., Kleinman, A., & Katon, W. (1982). Somatization in family practice: A biopsychosocial approach. The Journal Of Family Practice , 14 (3), 493-502. https://mdedge-files-live.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/files/s3fs-public/jfp-archived-issues/1982-volume_14-15/JFP_1982-03_v14_i3_somatization-in-family-practice-a-biopsy.pdf
• Sağar, M. E. (2019). Investigation of social media addiction in adult ındividuals. Journal of Education in Health Sciences, 1(1), 30-42. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/941666
• Shensa, A., Sidani, J.E., Dew, M.A., Viera, E.C. & Primack, B.A. (2018). Social media use and depression and anxiety symptoms: A cluster analysis. American Journal of Health Behavior, 42(2), 116-128. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.42.2.11
• Solmaz, B. Teki̇n, G. Herzem, Z. Demi̇r, M. (2013). An application on internet and social media usage. Selcuk Contact Journal, 7(4), 23-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/%20pub/josc/issue/19027/%20200546
• Tabitha L.J., Lowry, P.B., Wallace, L. & Warkentin, M. (2017). The effect of belongingness on obsessive-compulsive disorder in the use of online social networks. journal of management ınformation systems, 34(2), 560-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2017.1334496
• Türkçapar, H. (2004). Diagnostic relationships of anxiety disorder and depression. Ankara Training Hospital Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 12-16. https://www.journalagent.com/kpd/pdfs/KPD_7_ 80_12_16.pdf
• Ümmet, D., Batal, Ö., Kaya, A. & Alkan, H. (2019). Social media addiction in ındividuals of different age groups: An analysis according to various variables. 21st International Psychological Counseling and Guidance Congress, 328-334, Antalya. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338503243_Farkli_Yas_Gruplarindaki_Bireylerde_Sosyal_Medya_Bagimliligi_Cesitli_Degiskenlere_Gore_Bir_Incelenme
• Vannuci, A., Flannery, K. M. & Ohannessian, C. M. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040
• Yıldız, A., & Demir, F. M. (2016). A research on determining the purposes of university students' internet and social media usage: The case of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. Journal of Social and Humanities Research, 17(37), 18-36. http://www.sobbiad.mu.edu.tr/index.php/asd/article/view/605/559