The Impact of Bank Specific Factors on Bank Stability: Evidence from Turkish Banking Sector

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 1096 - 1117, 30.06.2021

Duygu Arslantürk Çöllü

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.852327

Cited By: 1

Öz

The global financial crisis that started in 2008 adversely affected financial system stability and the system became unstable. This situation, which shows that resources cannot be allocated efficiently in the financial system, has weakened the ability of banks, which constitute one of the most important pillars of the financial system, to evaluate and manage financial risk. In this process, the banks were criticized for focusing on profitability rather than bank stability until the financial crisis period. Since financial system stability is one of the important components of a more strong and stable economy, great efforts have been made to make the system more stable after the crisis.
Considering the past crises, increasingly complex risks and increasing competition, it is known that it is desirable for banks, which play an important role in the financial system, to be more stable. In this context, researching bank-specific factors affecting bank stability, especially after the global financial crisis, has become an important issue for researchers, bank managers, policy makers and other players in the financial system. Considering that a more stable and reliable banking sector is stronger in protection from financial problems and contributes to the stability of the financial system emphasizes the importance of this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the bank specific determinants of stability of commercial banks in Turkey. Panel data analysis was used as a method in the study in which the period of 2010Q1-2017Q4 was taken into account. Within the scope of the study, the Z-score was used to represent bank stability and bank size, funding risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and return on equity are taken into account as bank-specific determinants of bank stability. Findings show that bank stability is positively affected by the funding risk and the return on equity, but negatively affected by the bank size and liquidity risk. On the other hand credit risk factor was found to be statistically insignificant. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bank Stability, Turkish Banking Sector, Bank-Specific Factors, Panel Data Analysis, Z-score

Bankaya Özgü Faktörlerin Banka İstikrarı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Örneği

Öz

2008 yılında baş gösteren küresel finansal kriz, finansal sistemi olumsuz yönde etkilemiş ve sistem büyük ölçüde istikrarsızlaşmıştır. Kaynakların etkin şekilde tahsis edilemediğine işaret eden bu durum, finansal sistemin en önemli ayaklarından birini oluşturan bankaların finansal riski değerlendirme ve yönetme kabiliyetinin zayıflamasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu süreçte bankalar, finansal kriz dönemine kadar banka istikrarından ziyade karlılığa odaklandıkları gerekçesiyle eleştirilmiştir. Güçlü ve istikrarlı bir ekonominin önemli bileşenlerinden birini finansal sistem istikrarının oluşturması nedeniyle kriz sonrasında kaybedilen istikrarın tekrar kazanılmasını sağlamak üzere büyük bir çaba sarf edilmiştir.
Mevcut finansal sistem içerisinde oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olan bankaların geçmişte yaşanan krizler, giderek karmaşıklaşan riskler ve her geçen gün artan rekabet göz önüne alındığında daha istikrarlı bir yapıya kavuşturulmasının arzu edilen bir durum olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda özellikle küresel finansal kriz sonrasında banka istikrarını etkileyen bankaya özgü faktörlerin araştırılması araştırmacıların, banka yöneticilerinin, politika yapıcıların ve finansal sistemdeki diğer tarafların üzerinde önemle durduğu bir konu haline gelmiştir. İstikrarlı ve güvenilir bir bankacılık sektörünün, finansal sorunlardan korunma noktasında daha güçlü bir yapı gösterdiği ve finansal sistemin istikrarına katkıda bulunduğu dikkate alındığında konunun önemi daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki mevduat bankalarının istikrarı üzerinde etkili olan bankaya özgü faktörleri araştırmaktır. Araştırma dönemi olarak 2010Q1-2017Q4 zaman aralığının dikkate alındığı çalışmada, yöntem olarak panel veri analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, banka istikrarının temsilcisi olarak Z-skorunun kullanılırken, banka istikrarının bankaya özgü belirleyicileri olarak banka büyüklüğü, fon bulma riski, likidite riski, kredi riski ve özsermaye karlılığı dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda fon bulma riski ve özsermaye karlılığının banka istikrarını olumlu; banka büyüklüğü ve likidite riskinin ise banka istikrarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Kredi riskine ilişkin olarak anlamlı bir bulguya ulaşılamamıştır.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

Banka İstikrarı, Türk Bankacılık Sektörü, Bankaya Özgü Faktörler, Panel Veri Analizi, Z-skoru

Kaynakça

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