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Babaların İş Ortamı ve Depresyon Seviyesi Arasındaki İlişkide İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 2717 - 2742, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.873545

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2-6 yaşları arasında çocuğu olan evli ve eşi ve kendileri çalışan babaların, çalışma koşullarının, deneyimledikleri iş-aile çatışmasının ve algıladıkları kurumsal desteğin depresyon düzeyleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında, hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve algılanan kurumsal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide iş-aile çatışmasının aracı rolü de araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesi, makro seviyedeki faktörlerden mikro seviyedeki aile içi ilişkilere kadar bireyin nasıl etkilendiğini açıklayan, yani, çevre-aile-birey ilişkisini en iyi şekilde açıklayan Ekolojik Sistemler Kuramı ve Aile Sistemleri Kuramının bir sentezi ile oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemi tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş 2-6 yaşları arasında çocuğu olan evli ve çalışan 300 babadan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri, babaların çalışma şartlarını, iş-aile çatışmasını, algıladıkları kurumsal desteği ve depresyon düzeylerini kendilerinin ölçekler aracılığıyla raporladığı nicel yöntemlerle elde edilmiştir. Aracı etki analizi MPLUS programında yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda (i) babaların deneyimledikleri iş-aile çatışmasının, babaların hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve depresyon düzeyleri ile pozitif, iş yerinden algıladıkları kurumsal destek ile ise negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu; (ii) çalışma saatleri ve iş-aile çatışması yüksek olan babaların depresyon belirtileri gösterme olasılığının yüksek olduğu; (iii) hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve algılanan kurumsal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide iş-aile çatışmasının aracı rolü üstlendiği bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın, küçük yaşta çocuğu olan, çalışan, geleneksel cinsiyet rol ve tutumlarının baskın olduğu toplumda yaşayan erkeklerin iş hayatlarına bağlı sorunlarının özetlenmesi ve iş-aile dengesinin sağlanması ve çalışma durumlarının iyileşmesi için var olması gereken unsurların tespiti açısından oldukça önemli katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Işık Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi

Proje Numarası

(BAP 19A101)

Kaynakça

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  • Aycan, Z. ve Eskin, M. (2005). Relative contributions of childcare, spousal support, and organizational support in reducing work–family conflict for men and women: The case of Turkey. Sex Roles, 53(7-8), 453-471. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-7134-8
  • Bakan, İ., Eyitmiş, A. M., Erşahan, B., Doğan, İ. F. ve Bulunmaz, G. ( 2011). Banka Çalışanlarının İş Tatmin ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Düzeyleri ile Çatışma Tür ve Stratejilerine Bakış Açıları Arasındaki İlişkilere Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi,1-31. Erişim Adresi: http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/ismailbalkanbankacalisanlari.pdf
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  • Cabrera, N. J., Shannon, J. D. ve Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2007). 'Fathers' influence on their 'children's cognitive and emotional development: from toddlers to pre-k. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 208–213. doi: 10.1080/10888690701762100
  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M. ve Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
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  • Cox, M. J. ve Paley, B. (1997). Families as systems. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 243-267. Erişim Adresi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.243
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The Role of Work-Family Conflict in the Relationship Between Paternal Work Environment and Depression Level

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 2717 - 2742, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.873545

Öz

The current study aims to examine association of the work conditions, the experienced work-family conflict and the perceived organizational support with the psychological health of married men in a family of dual-career couples with children aged 2-6. In the scope of the study, the mediating role of work-family conflict in the association of weekday working hours and perceived organizational support with depression were analyzed. The study's conceptual framework was based on the Ecological Systems Theory and Family Systems Theory that explain the environment-family-self associations from macro-level factors to micro-level family relations. The participants of the study were recruited by stratified sampling from all around Turkey in order to achieve representativeness of married and working men with children aged 2-6 (N=300). The fathers presented their working conditions, the level of work-family conflict, perceived organizational support, and depression via self-report questionnaires. The mediation effect analyses were conducted with MPLUS. The results indicated that (i) the working hours and perceived organizational support were negative whereas the work-family conflict and depression were positively associated; (ii) the working hours and work-family conflict predicted the depression levels of the fathers positively; (iii) there was a mediating role of work-family conflict in the association between working hours and perceived organizational support with depression. In the vein of this study's findings, it is possible to describe the problems of working men with young children in a traditional culture which will guide the policymakers to develop and implement family policies and training programs related to work-family conflict.

Proje Numarası

(BAP 19A101)

Kaynakça

  • AÇEV (2017). Türkiye’de İlgili Babalık ve Belirleyicileri. Türkiye’de Babalığı Anlamak Serisi. Anne Çocuk Eğitim Vakfı. İstanbul. Erişim Adresi: https://acev.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/01/BabalikArastirmasiAnaRapor.16.10.17.web_.pdf
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2008). Let's Talk Facts About Depression. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 101(12), 351-354. Erişim Adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19177998/
  • Almeida, D. M., Wethington, E. ve Chandler, A. L. (1999). Daily transmission of tensions between marital dyads and parent-child dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49-61. Erişim Adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/353882
  • Aycan, Z. ve Eskin, M. (2005). Relative contributions of childcare, spousal support, and organizational support in reducing work–family conflict for men and women: The case of Turkey. Sex Roles, 53(7-8), 453-471. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-7134-8
  • Bakan, İ., Eyitmiş, A. M., Erşahan, B., Doğan, İ. F. ve Bulunmaz, G. ( 2011). Banka Çalışanlarının İş Tatmin ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Düzeyleri ile Çatışma Tür ve Stratejilerine Bakış Açıları Arasındaki İlişkilere Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi,1-31. Erişim Adresi: http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/ismailbalkanbankacalisanlari.pdf
  • Baydar, N., Küntay, A., Gökşen, F., Yağmurlu, B. ve Cemalcılar, Z. (2008). [Türkiye’de Erken Çocukluk Gelişim Ekolojileri (TEÇGE) Çalışması -1. Tur Verileri]. Erişim: http://portal.ku.edu.tr/~tecge/index.htm, 25 Mayıs 2009.
  • Borelli, J. L., Nelson, S. K., River, L. M., Birken, S. A. ve MossRacusin, C. (2017). Gender differences in work-family guilt in parents of young children, Sex Roles, 76(5), 356–368. doi: 10.1007/s11199-016-0579-0
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979), The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169- 198. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009.
  • Cabrera, N. J., Shannon, J. D. ve Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2007). 'Fathers' influence on their 'children's cognitive and emotional development: from toddlers to pre-k. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 208–213. doi: 10.1080/10888690701762100
  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M. ve Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
  • Cooksey, E., Menaghan, E. ve Jekielek, S. (1997). Life-course effects of work and family circumstances on children. Social Forces, 76, (637–667).
  • Cox, M. J. ve Paley, B. (1997). Families as systems. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 243-267. Erişim Adresi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.243
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research Inc.
  • Eggebeen, D. J. ve Hawkins, A. J. (1990). Economic need and wives' employment. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 48-66. doi: 10.1177/019251390011001004
  • Erel, O. ve Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 108–132. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
  • Evans, C. (1997). Turkish Fathers’ Attitudes to and Involvement in Their Fathering Role: A Low Socio-Economic Sample. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Fanous, A. H., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., ve Kendler, K. S. (2007). A longitudinal study of personality and major depression in a population-based sample of male twins. Psychological Medicine, 37(8), 1163-1172.
  • Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., Harold, G. T. ve Osborne, L. N. (1997). Marital satisfaction and depression: Different causal relationships for men and women? Psychological Science, 8(5), 351-356. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00424.x
  • Galinsky, E., Bond, J. T. ve Friedman, D. E. (1996), The role of employers in addressing the needs of employed parent, Journal of Social Issues, 52, (3), 111-136. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1996.tb01582.x
  • Guille, C., Frank, E., Zhao, Z., Kalmbach, D. A., Nietert, P. J., Mata, D. A. ve Sen, S. (2017). Work-family conflict and the sex difference in depression among training physicians. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(12), 1766-1772. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5138
  • Hao, J., Wang, J., Liu, L., Wu, W. ve Wu, H. (2016). Perceived organizational support impacts on the associations of work-family conflict or family-work conflict with depressive symptoms among Chinese doctors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 326. doi:10.3390/ijerph13030326
  • ILO (2014). Global Employment Trends 2014 (Geneva: ILO). Erişim Adresi: https://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm
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  • Karatepe, O. M. ve Tekinkus, M. (2006). The effects of work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and intrinsic motivation on job outcomes of frontline employees, International Journal of Bank Marketing 24 (3), s. 173–193. doi: 10.1108/02652320610659021
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  • Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A. ve Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884. doi: 10.1177/0149206315575554.
  • Kuzucu, Y. (2011). Değişen babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimine etkisi [The changing role of fathers and its impact on child development]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 79-89.
  • Lee, R. D., ve Chen, J. (2017). Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and excessive alcohol use: Examination of race/ethnicity and sex differences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 69, 40-48.
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  • Lewis, G., Neary, M., Polek, E., Flouri, E. ve Lewis, G. (2017). The association between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms: evidence from two population-based cohorts. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(12), 920-926. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30408-X.
  • Liu, L., Hu, S., Wang, L., Sui, G. ve Ma, L. (2013). Positive resources for combating depressive symptoms among Chinese male correctional officers: perceived organizational support and psychological capital. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 89. Erişim Adresi: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-13-89
  • Low, S. M. ve Stocker, C. (2005). Family Functioning and Children's Adjustment: Associations Among Parents' Depressed Mood, Marital Hostility, Parent-Child Hostility, and Children's Adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 394–403. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.19.3.394
  • Luszczynska, A. ve Cieslak, R. (2005). Protective, promotive, and buffering effects of perceived social support in managerial stress: The moderating role of personality. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 18(3), 227-244. doi: 10.1080/10615800500125587
  • Marchand-Reilly, J. F. (2016). Examining links among 'parents' depressive symptoms, attacking conflict behaviors, childrearing disagreements, and over-reactive discipline. Journal of Adult Development, 23(2), 93-100.doi: 10.1007/s10804-015-9224-3.
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  • NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2004). 'Fathers' and 'mothers' parenting behavior and beliefs as predictors of 'children's social adjustment in the transition to school. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 628–638.
  • Nuttall, A. K., Froyen, L. C., Skibbe, L. E. ve Bowles, R. P. (2019). Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms, home learning environment, and children’s early literacy. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 50(4), 681-691. doi: 10.1007/s10578-019-00872-x
  • Obidoa, C., Reeves, D., Warren, N., Reisine, S. ve Cherniack, M. (2011). Depression and work family conflict among corrections officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1294-1301. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182307888
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  • Powell, G. N. ve Greenhaus, J. H. (2010). Sex, gender, and decisions at the family→ work interface. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1011-1039. doi: 10.1177/0149206309350774
  • Ransford, C. R., Crouter, A. C. ve McHale, S. M. (2008). Implications of work pressure and supervisor support for 'fathers', 'mothers' and 'adolescents' relationships and well-being in dual-earner families. Community, Work and Family, 11(1), 37-60. doi: 10.1080/13668800701785312
  • Schudlich, T. D. D. R. ve Cummings, E. M. (2007). Parental dysphoria and 'children's adjustment: Marital conflict styles, 'children's emotional security, and parenting as mediators of risk. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(4), 627-639. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9118-3
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  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2018b). İstatistiklerle Kadın. Erişim: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21519, 02 Nisan, 2020.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019). İstatistiklerle Kadın. Erişim: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2019-33732
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  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). Work demands and work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 707-726. doi: 10.1177/0192513X05277516
  • Westrupp, E. M., Strazdins, L., Martin, A., Cooklin, A., Zubrick, S. R. ve Nicholson, J. M. (2016). Maternal work–family conflict and psychological distress: reciprocal relationships over 8 years. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 107-126. doi:10.1111/jomf.12262
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Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Berna Akçinar Yayla Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4768-7463

Ebru Özbek 0000-0001-7288-8983

İrem Yola Çetin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2792-5057

Proje Numarası (BAP 19A101)
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akçinar Yayla, B., Özbek, E., & Yola Çetin, İ. (2021). Babaların İş Ortamı ve Depresyon Seviyesi Arasındaki İlişkide İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(3), 2717-2742. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.873545
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.