Araştırma Makalesi
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The Impact Of Export Behavior And Cost Leadership Strategy On Business Competitive Capacity: An Application

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 108 - 132, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.936919

Öz

As a result of "production", which can be defined as the activity of creating a good or service, the relevant goods or services are offered to the market through sales. These sales take place in the form of domestic sales as well as sales abroad. Foreign sales are called "export" for short. Sales abroad will increase the business scales and therefore their total profits by increasing the market shares of micro-level exporter enterprises, as well as ensuring that the countries where these companies take a greater share from the world trade volume and increase their GDP at the macro-level As a result of these, today, overseas sales rates and levels within total sales have become more and more important in terms of enterprises' maintaining their operations. For, in terms of both countries and enterprises, carrying out overseas economic activities has become inevitable. In this respect, the present study aims to determine in what way(s) business managers' competitive powers depending on exportation will change in case of overseas sales. In the study, two basic models were formed. Firstly, cost leadership strategy was determined as the dependent and the product development capacity of enterprises, knowledge of exportation and logistic service efficiency were determined as the independent variables. Secondly, the cost leadership strategy, which is the intermediate varible for the mentioned three independent variables, was added and the competition strategy was chosen as the dependent variable. The data was obtained via administration of a questionnaire. The study was carried out with the senior managers of the exporting firms in Turkey. In the study, 5-point Likert type scale was used, the analyses were made via the SPSS for Windows 23.0 statistical package program and the hypotheses were supported. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the enterprises following a business cost leadership strategy increased their competitive capacities and the enterprises having the knowledge of exportation and the ones with the logistic service activity increaed their competitive capacities to the extent that they maintained these behaviors of theirs. Moreover, in the study, the other obtained results and discussions were included.

Kaynakça

  • Akçagün,E. ve Dal,V. (2014). The Use of M.Porter’s Generic Strategies in the Turkish Apparel Industry and Strategy Proposals for Companies. TEKSTİL ve KONFEKSİYON, 24(2), 151-157.
  • Aktan,C.C. ve İstiklâl,Y.V. (2004). Rekabet Gücü ve Rekabet Stratejileri, Rekabet Dizisi:2, TİSK Yayın No:205, Ankara.
  • Antti,H., Mabupu,V., Yavaş,U. ve Babakuş,E. (2005). Cooperative Strategy, Knowledge Intensity and Export Performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Journal of World Business 40, 124-138.
  • Barca, M. ve Esen,Ş. (2012). Rekabet Avantajı Sağlama ve Sürdürmede Stratejik Yaklaşımlar. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(2), 89-107.
  • Bradley,F. (2002). Uluslararası Pazarlama Stratejisi, çev. İçlem Er, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Calantone,R. ve Knight,G. (2000). The Critical Role of Product Quality in the International Performance of Industrial Firms. Industrial Marketing Management 29, 493–506.
  • Coope,R.G. (2019). The Drivers of Success in New-Product Development, Industrial Marketing Management 76, 36-47.
  • Dean,D.L., Mengüç,M. ve Myers,C.P. (2000). Revisiting Firm Characteristics, Strategy, and Export Performance Relationship: A Survey of the Literature and an Investigation of New Zealand Small Manufacturing Firms. Industrial Marketing Management 29, 461-477.
  • Demir,M. (2009). Uluslararası Ticaret Performansı Açısından Yeniliğin Önemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayi Örneği (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
  • Elçi,Ş. (2018). İnovasyon–Kalkınmanın ve Rekabetin Anahtarı, İnomer, Erişim adresi: Erişim adresi: https://inomer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ Inovasyon-SirinElci.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021
  • Estanislau, de S.S. (2019). The Mediation Effects of Business Strategy on the Relations between Industrial Competition and Performance, Timor-Leste Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Fatta,D., Gera,N., Vidyapeeth,B. ve Grisold,T. (2019). Export Knowledge-Determinant of Export Strategy, Export Commitment and Export Performance in Carpet Industry. Kybernetes, 48(8), 1806-1826
  • Fawcett,S.E., Calantone,R.J. ve Roath,A. (2000). Meeting Quality and Cost İmperatives in A Global Market. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 30(6), 472-499.
  • Grimes,A., Doole,I. ve Kitchen,P.J. (2007). Profiling The Capabilities Of SMEs To Compete Internationally. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(1), 64-80
  • Ieva,M., Aranskisa,A. ve Litvinenkoa,M. (2014). Consumer Satisfaction with the Quality of Logistics Services. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 110, 330-340.
  • Kahveci,E. (2013). İhracat Performansı Ölçütleri ve İhracat Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler. Verimlilik Dergisi 1, 43-74.
  • Kaleka,A. (2002). Resources and Capabilities Driving Competitive Advantage in Export Markets: Guidelines for Industrial Exporters. Industrial Marketing Management 31, 273-283.
  • Lages,L.F. ve Montgomery,D.B. (2004). Export performance As An Antecedent of Export Commitment and Marketing Strategy Adaptation Evidence From Small And Medium-Sized Exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 38 - 9/10, 1186-1214
  • Li,L.Y. (2004). An Examination Of The Foreign Market Knowledge of Exporting Firms Based In The People’s Republic Of China: Its Determinants And Effect On Export Intensity. Industrial Marketing Management 33, 561-572.
  • Lim,J.S., Sharkey,T.W. ve Heinrichs,J.H. (2006). Strategic Impact of New Product Development On Export Involvement. European Journal of Marketing, 40(1/2), 44-60.
  • Mirzayeva,G. ve Türkay,O. (2016). Rekabet Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bakü'deki Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nisan, 1(1), 74-83.
  • Mohan,K. ve Zailani,S. (2011). Service Supply Chain: How Does It Effects to the Logistics Service Effectiveness? Supply Chain Management-Pathways for Research and Practice (ed.Dilek Önkal,Emel Aktas), Published by InTech, Croatia: 15-24
  • Morgan,NA, Kaleka,A. ve Katsikeas,CS. (2004). Antecedents of Export Venture Performance: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Assessment. Journal of Marketing 68, 90–108.
  • Olah,J., Sadaf,R., Mate,D. ve Popp,J. (2018). The Influence of the Management Success Factors of Logistics Service Providers on Firms’ Competitiveness. Polish Journal Of Management Studies, 17(1), 175-193.
  • Paksoy,H.M. (2017). İşletmelerin Satışa Sunacağı Yeni Ürünlerin Pazarda Tutunmasını Etkileyen Faktörler. Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 67-86.
  • Panayides,P.M. (2005). Logistics Service Provider-Client Relationships. Transportation Research Part E. Logistics and Transportation Review, 41(3): 179-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2004.05.001
  • Panayides,P.M. (2007). The Impact of Organizational Learning on Relationship Orientation, Logistics Service Effectiveness and Performance. Industrial Marketing Management 36, 68-80.
  • Porter,M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations, The Mac Millan Press Ltd., London and Basingstoke.
  • Rock,J.T. ve Ahmed,S.A. (2008). Relationship Between Success Factors and Chilean Firms’ Export Performance: An Exploratory Study. Latin American Business Review 9(1), 69-101.
  • Samieea,S. ve Walters,P.G.P. (1999). Determinants of Structured Export Knowledge Acquisition. International Business Review 8, 373-397.
  • Seyoum,B. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, Routledge, Second Edition, New York.
  • Sehrish,H., Wagar,A., Minhaj,I.K. ve Khawaja,M.I (2020). The Effect of Logistics Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: Case of Logistics Service Industry. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 9(1), 43-61
  • Shamsuddoha,A.,K. ve Ali,M.Y. (2006). Mediated Effects Of Export Promotion Programs On Firm Export Performance A.K.. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 93-110.
  • Soon,L., Chen,Y.P. ve Underwood,A. (2004). Knowledge Creation in Export Trading. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 3(4), 1–20.
  • Tang,C.S. ve Veelenturf,L.P. (2019). The Strategic Role of Logistics in the Industry 4.0 Era. Transportation Research Part E 129:1-11.
  • Toften,K. (2005). The Influence of Export Information Use on Export Knowledge and Performance, Some Empirical Evidence. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23(2), 200-219.
  • Toften,K. ve Svein,O.O. (2003). Export Market Information Use, Organizational Knowledge, and Firm Performance A Conceptual Framework. International Marketing Review, 20(1), 95-110.
  • The Readers Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary. (1964). Volume I, The Reader’s Digest Association Limited.
  • Ürün Geliştirme Nedir? (2021). Erişim adresi: https://www.productplan.com/ what-is-product-development/
  • Websters Third New International Dictionary. (1993). A Merriam Webster Incorporated, Könemann MBH, Cologne/Germany.
  • The World Economic Forum and The International Management Development. (1995). The World Competitiveness Report 1995, Geneva-Switzerland, September.
  • Yang,Y., Fenga,B., Laia,F. ve Collins,B.J. (2018). The Role Of Trust, Commitment, and Learning Orientation On Logistic Service Effectiveness, Journal of Business Research 93, 37-50.
  • Yiğit,S. (2017). İşletmelerde Yeni Ürün Geliştirmenin Rekabet Avantajı Yaratılması Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Cam Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi 2, Güz, 43-54.
  • Zou,S., Fang,E. ve Zhao,S. (2003). The Effect of Export Marketing Capabilities on Export Performance: An Investigation of Chinese Exporters, Journal of International Marketing, 11(4), 32-55.

İhracat Davranışları ve Maliyet Liderliği Stratejisinin İşletmenin Rekabet Kapasitesine Etkisi: Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 108 - 132, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.936919

Öz

Bir mal veya hizmetin meydana getirilmesi faaliyeti olarak tanımlanabilen ‘üretim’ sonucunda ilgili mal veya hizmetler satış yoluyla piyasaya arz edilirler. Bu satışlar yurtiçi satışlar olduğu gibi, yurtdışı satışlar biçiminde de gerçekleşir. Yurtdışı satışlar kısaca ‘ihracat’ olarak adlandırılırlar. Yurtdışına yapılan satışlar, mikro seviyede ihracatçı işletmelerin pazar paylarını büyüterek işletme ölçeklerini ve bundan dolayı toplam kârlarını artırdığı gibi, makro seviyede, bu firmaların bulunduğu ülkelerin dünya ticaret hacminden daha fazla pay almasını ve GSYH’larının artmasını da sağlayabilecektir. Bu sebeplerden ötürü günümüzde toplam satışlar içerisinde yurt dışı satış oranları ve seviyeleri işletmelerin faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmeleri bakımından gittikçe daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Çünkü hem ülkeler açısından hem de işletmeler açısından yurt dışı ekonomik faaliyet yapmak kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu bakımdan bu çalışma; işletme yöneticilerinin, yurt dışı satış yapılması durumunda, ihracata bağlı rekabet güçlerinin ne yönde değişeceğini araştırmayı hedeflemiştir. Çalışmada iki temel model oluşturulmuştur. İlk olarak maliyet liderliği stratejisi bağımlı; işletmelerin ürün geliştirme kapasitesi, ihracat bilgisi ve lojistik servis etkinliği bağımsız değişken olarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak sözü edilen üç bağımsız değişkene ara bağımlı değişken olan maliyet liderliği stratejisi de eklenmiş, bağımlı değişken olarak rekabet kapasitesi seçilmiştir. Veriler anket uygulaması ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma uygulaması, Türkiye’de ihracat yapan firmaların üst düzey yöneticileri üzerinde olmuştur. Çalışmada 5’li likert ölçeği kullanılmış, analizler SPSS for Windows 23.0 istatistik paket programı ile yapılmış ve hipotezlerin desteklenmesi sağlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; işletme maliyet liderliği stratejisi izleyen işletmelerin rekabet kapasitelerini artırdıkları, ihracat bilgisine sahip olan işletmelerin ve lojistik servis etkinliğine sahip işletmelerin bu davranışlarını sürdürdüğü ölçüde rekabet kapasitelerinin de arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen diğer sonuçlar ve tartışmalara da yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akçagün,E. ve Dal,V. (2014). The Use of M.Porter’s Generic Strategies in the Turkish Apparel Industry and Strategy Proposals for Companies. TEKSTİL ve KONFEKSİYON, 24(2), 151-157.
  • Aktan,C.C. ve İstiklâl,Y.V. (2004). Rekabet Gücü ve Rekabet Stratejileri, Rekabet Dizisi:2, TİSK Yayın No:205, Ankara.
  • Antti,H., Mabupu,V., Yavaş,U. ve Babakuş,E. (2005). Cooperative Strategy, Knowledge Intensity and Export Performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Journal of World Business 40, 124-138.
  • Barca, M. ve Esen,Ş. (2012). Rekabet Avantajı Sağlama ve Sürdürmede Stratejik Yaklaşımlar. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(2), 89-107.
  • Bradley,F. (2002). Uluslararası Pazarlama Stratejisi, çev. İçlem Er, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Calantone,R. ve Knight,G. (2000). The Critical Role of Product Quality in the International Performance of Industrial Firms. Industrial Marketing Management 29, 493–506.
  • Coope,R.G. (2019). The Drivers of Success in New-Product Development, Industrial Marketing Management 76, 36-47.
  • Dean,D.L., Mengüç,M. ve Myers,C.P. (2000). Revisiting Firm Characteristics, Strategy, and Export Performance Relationship: A Survey of the Literature and an Investigation of New Zealand Small Manufacturing Firms. Industrial Marketing Management 29, 461-477.
  • Demir,M. (2009). Uluslararası Ticaret Performansı Açısından Yeniliğin Önemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayi Örneği (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
  • Elçi,Ş. (2018). İnovasyon–Kalkınmanın ve Rekabetin Anahtarı, İnomer, Erişim adresi: Erişim adresi: https://inomer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ Inovasyon-SirinElci.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2021
  • Estanislau, de S.S. (2019). The Mediation Effects of Business Strategy on the Relations between Industrial Competition and Performance, Timor-Leste Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Fatta,D., Gera,N., Vidyapeeth,B. ve Grisold,T. (2019). Export Knowledge-Determinant of Export Strategy, Export Commitment and Export Performance in Carpet Industry. Kybernetes, 48(8), 1806-1826
  • Fawcett,S.E., Calantone,R.J. ve Roath,A. (2000). Meeting Quality and Cost İmperatives in A Global Market. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 30(6), 472-499.
  • Grimes,A., Doole,I. ve Kitchen,P.J. (2007). Profiling The Capabilities Of SMEs To Compete Internationally. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(1), 64-80
  • Ieva,M., Aranskisa,A. ve Litvinenkoa,M. (2014). Consumer Satisfaction with the Quality of Logistics Services. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 110, 330-340.
  • Kahveci,E. (2013). İhracat Performansı Ölçütleri ve İhracat Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler. Verimlilik Dergisi 1, 43-74.
  • Kaleka,A. (2002). Resources and Capabilities Driving Competitive Advantage in Export Markets: Guidelines for Industrial Exporters. Industrial Marketing Management 31, 273-283.
  • Lages,L.F. ve Montgomery,D.B. (2004). Export performance As An Antecedent of Export Commitment and Marketing Strategy Adaptation Evidence From Small And Medium-Sized Exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 38 - 9/10, 1186-1214
  • Li,L.Y. (2004). An Examination Of The Foreign Market Knowledge of Exporting Firms Based In The People’s Republic Of China: Its Determinants And Effect On Export Intensity. Industrial Marketing Management 33, 561-572.
  • Lim,J.S., Sharkey,T.W. ve Heinrichs,J.H. (2006). Strategic Impact of New Product Development On Export Involvement. European Journal of Marketing, 40(1/2), 44-60.
  • Mirzayeva,G. ve Türkay,O. (2016). Rekabet Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bakü'deki Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nisan, 1(1), 74-83.
  • Mohan,K. ve Zailani,S. (2011). Service Supply Chain: How Does It Effects to the Logistics Service Effectiveness? Supply Chain Management-Pathways for Research and Practice (ed.Dilek Önkal,Emel Aktas), Published by InTech, Croatia: 15-24
  • Morgan,NA, Kaleka,A. ve Katsikeas,CS. (2004). Antecedents of Export Venture Performance: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Assessment. Journal of Marketing 68, 90–108.
  • Olah,J., Sadaf,R., Mate,D. ve Popp,J. (2018). The Influence of the Management Success Factors of Logistics Service Providers on Firms’ Competitiveness. Polish Journal Of Management Studies, 17(1), 175-193.
  • Paksoy,H.M. (2017). İşletmelerin Satışa Sunacağı Yeni Ürünlerin Pazarda Tutunmasını Etkileyen Faktörler. Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 67-86.
  • Panayides,P.M. (2005). Logistics Service Provider-Client Relationships. Transportation Research Part E. Logistics and Transportation Review, 41(3): 179-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2004.05.001
  • Panayides,P.M. (2007). The Impact of Organizational Learning on Relationship Orientation, Logistics Service Effectiveness and Performance. Industrial Marketing Management 36, 68-80.
  • Porter,M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations, The Mac Millan Press Ltd., London and Basingstoke.
  • Rock,J.T. ve Ahmed,S.A. (2008). Relationship Between Success Factors and Chilean Firms’ Export Performance: An Exploratory Study. Latin American Business Review 9(1), 69-101.
  • Samieea,S. ve Walters,P.G.P. (1999). Determinants of Structured Export Knowledge Acquisition. International Business Review 8, 373-397.
  • Seyoum,B. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, Routledge, Second Edition, New York.
  • Sehrish,H., Wagar,A., Minhaj,I.K. ve Khawaja,M.I (2020). The Effect of Logistics Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: Case of Logistics Service Industry. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 9(1), 43-61
  • Shamsuddoha,A.,K. ve Ali,M.Y. (2006). Mediated Effects Of Export Promotion Programs On Firm Export Performance A.K.. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 93-110.
  • Soon,L., Chen,Y.P. ve Underwood,A. (2004). Knowledge Creation in Export Trading. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 3(4), 1–20.
  • Tang,C.S. ve Veelenturf,L.P. (2019). The Strategic Role of Logistics in the Industry 4.0 Era. Transportation Research Part E 129:1-11.
  • Toften,K. (2005). The Influence of Export Information Use on Export Knowledge and Performance, Some Empirical Evidence. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23(2), 200-219.
  • Toften,K. ve Svein,O.O. (2003). Export Market Information Use, Organizational Knowledge, and Firm Performance A Conceptual Framework. International Marketing Review, 20(1), 95-110.
  • The Readers Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary. (1964). Volume I, The Reader’s Digest Association Limited.
  • Ürün Geliştirme Nedir? (2021). Erişim adresi: https://www.productplan.com/ what-is-product-development/
  • Websters Third New International Dictionary. (1993). A Merriam Webster Incorporated, Könemann MBH, Cologne/Germany.
  • The World Economic Forum and The International Management Development. (1995). The World Competitiveness Report 1995, Geneva-Switzerland, September.
  • Yang,Y., Fenga,B., Laia,F. ve Collins,B.J. (2018). The Role Of Trust, Commitment, and Learning Orientation On Logistic Service Effectiveness, Journal of Business Research 93, 37-50.
  • Yiğit,S. (2017). İşletmelerde Yeni Ürün Geliştirmenin Rekabet Avantajı Yaratılması Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Cam Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi 2, Güz, 43-54.
  • Zou,S., Fang,E. ve Zhao,S. (2003). The Effect of Export Marketing Capabilities on Export Performance: An Investigation of Chinese Exporters, Journal of International Marketing, 11(4), 32-55.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi, İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Osman Barbaros Kemer 0000-0002-1118-7507

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 7 Mart 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kemer, O. B. (2022). İhracat Davranışları ve Maliyet Liderliği Stratejisinin İşletmenin Rekabet Kapasitesine Etkisi: Bir Uygulama. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 108-132. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.936919
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.