İrade Gücüne Dönüş: Tanımlar, Tarihsel Süreç ve İlişkili Kavramlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1370 - 1391, 30.09.2024

Ferhat Kardaş

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1469473

Öz

Psikoloji bilimi ruh sağlığı sorunlarıyla mücadele deneyimini ve yetkinliğini artırırken, insanlığın karşılaştığı kolektif sorunlar çeşitlenmeye devam ediyor. Günümüzde yaşamın hemen her alanında teknoloji bağımlılığı, depresyon, erteleme, madde bağımlılığı gibi yaygın sorunlarla karşı karşıya bulunuyoruz. Bu sorunlara müdahaleye dönük yeni yaklaşımlar ortaya atılmakta ve her yaş grubundan insana bu sorunlarla mücadelede kullanabilecekleri beceriler kazandırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çağımızın bu yaygın sorunlarına karşı etkili olarak kullanılabilecek kaynaklardan birisi de irade gücüdür. Din, felsefe, eğitim gibi alanlarda antik çağdan beri ele alınan önemli kavramlardan biri olan irade, Freudyen yaklaşımın etkisiyle uzun zaman alanyazında ihmal edilmiştir. Klasik psikanalizin bazı görüşlerinin sorgulanması ve psikoloji alanında yeni yaklaşımların ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte haz erteleme konusu yeniden ele alınmış ve bu çerçevede 1960’lı yıllarda başlayan haz erteleme/marshmallow deneyleri ile birlikte irade gücü kavramı yeniden aramıza dönmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı irade gücüne dönüşün tarihsel arka planını ele almak, irade gücüyle ilişkili kavramları incelemek, irade gücüne yönelik bir kavramsallaştırma ortaya koymak, konuyla ilgili yapılmış araştırmaları incelemek, irade gücüyle ilgili tartışmalara değinmek ve irade gücünün alanyazında ele alınmasına yönelik araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara bazı öneriler sunmaktır. Bütün bunlardan hareketle irade gücü kavramı; zararlı olana direnç göstermek, yararlı olanı ve iyi geleni uygulamaya geçirmek, işe yarayanı sürdürmek ve engellere rağmen yeniden başlayabilmek şeklinde çok boyutlu bir yapı olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın irade gücünün yeniden farklı boyutlarıyla tartışılmasına, öz-kontrol, öz-düzenleme, öz-disiplin ve haz erteleme gibi önemli konularla ilgili bakış açılarını zenginleştirmesine katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İrade, İrade Gücü, Haz Erteleme, Öz-Kontrol, Öz-Düzenleme, Öz-Disiplin

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırmayı desteklemek için dış fon kullanılmamıştır.

Back To Willpower: Definitions, Historical Background & Related Concepts

Öz

While psychological science increases its experience and competence to intervene in mental health problems, the collective problems faced by humanity continue to diversify. Today, we face common problems such as technology addiction, depression, procrastination and substance addiction in almost every aspect of life. New approaches to intervene in these problems are being put forward and efforts are being made to provide people of all age groups with skills that they can use to cope with these problems. One of the resources that can be used against these common problems is willpower. The concept of will, one of the important concepts discussed in fields such as religion, philosophy, education since ancient times, has been neglected in literature for a long time due to the influence of the Freudian approach. With the questioning of some views of classical psychoanalysis and the emergence of new approaches in the field of psychology, the issue of delaying pleasure was reconsidered, and in this context, the concept of willpower returned to us with the delay of pleasure/marshmallow experiments that started in the 1960s. The aim of this study is to discuss the historical background of the return to willpower, to examine concepts related to willpower, to put forward a conceptualization of willpower, to examine the research on the subject, to touch on the debates about willpower, and to offer some suggestions to researchers and practitioners regarding the handling of willpower in the literature. Accordingly, willpower has been conceptualized as a multidimensional structure as resisting what is harmful, implementing what is useful and good, maintaining what works, and being able to start over despite obstacles. It is expected that the study will contribute to discussing willpower in different dimensions and to enrich perspectives on important issues such as self-control, self-regulation, self-discipline and delay of gratification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Will, Willpower, Delay of Gratification, Self-Control, Self-Regulation, Self-Discipline

Kaynakça

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