Özbekistan'daki Buharalı Yahudilerin Tarihi ve Kültürü*

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 28.03.2025

Hakan Çora , Elnur Hasan Mikail , Ali Nazmi Çora

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1540083

Öz

Bu çalışma, Orta Asya'daki Yahudi toplumunun tarihsel gelişimini ve kültürel entegrasyonunu ele almakta olup, özellikle Buhara ve Semerkand gibi şehirlerdeki Yahudi nüfusunun yerleşim örüntüleri, sosyo-ekonomik rolleri ve kültürel kimliği üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana sorusu, bu toplulukların bölgeye nasıl yerleştiğini ve zamanla, özellikle İpek Yolu'nun ve bölgesel ticaretin etkisi altında, kendilerine özgü dini ve kültürel pratiklerini nasıl koruduklarını incelemektedir. Makale, Orta Asya'daki Yahudi topluluklarının deneyimlerini yeniden yapılandırmak amacıyla bir dizi birincil kaynak, arşiv belgeleri ve ikincil literatür kullanarak tarihsel bir analiz yaklaşımını benimsemektedir. Yöntemsel çerçeve, tarihsel yeniden yapılandırmaya odaklanmakta olup, erken dönem kayıtlardaki eksiklikler ve daha eski dönemlere ait birinci elden kaynakların yokluğu gibi sınırlamaları kabul etmektedir. Bu sınırlamalar, özellikle toplumun şekillenmeye başladığı yıllarda anlatının tamlığını etkileyebilir. Bulgular, Buhara ve Semerkand'daki Yahudi topluluklarının bölgesel ticaret ağlarında önemli bir rol oynadığını, aynı zamanda Buhara'da kurulan yeshivoth aracılığıyla dini ilimlerde önemli merkezler oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, makale, Sovyetler sonrası dönemde Özbekistan'daki Yahudi kimliğinin yeniden doğuşunu ve genç nesillerin, eski Babil kökleriyle yeniden bağ kurarak dünya çapındaki Yahudi topluluklarıyla bağlantılar kurmaya başladıklarını vurgulamaktadır. Makale, Orta Asya'daki Yahudi toplumlarının kültürel, ekonomik ve entelektüel katkılarının kalıcı olduğunu ve modern Yahudi diasporasında devam eden önemini vurgulayarak sonuçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özbekistan, Buhara, Yahudiler, Orta Asya

The History and Culture of Bukharan Jews in Uzbekistan

Öz

This article examines the historical development and cultural integration of the Jewish communities in Central Asia, with a particular emphasis on their settlement patterns, socio-economic roles, and cultural identity in key urban centers such as Bukhara and Samarkand. The central research inquiry explores how these communities established themselves in the region and sustained their distinct religious and cultural traditions over time, particularly in the context of the Silk Road and regional trade dynamics. Employing a historical-analytical approach, this study draws upon a diverse array of primary sources, archival materials, and secondary literature to reconstruct the lived experiences of Jewish populations in Central Asia. The methodological framework is grounded in historical reconstruction, while also acknowledging the inherent challenges posed by gaps in early records and the scarcity of firsthand accounts from formative periods. These limitations inevitably shape the comprehensiveness of the narrative, particularly regarding the community's early development. The findings reveal that Jewish communities in Bukhara and Samarkand were not only integral to regional trade networks but also emerged as prominent centers of religious scholarship, notably through the establishment of yeshivot in Bukhara. Additionally, the study highlights the post-Soviet resurgence of Jewish identity in Uzbekistan, where younger generations are actively re-engaging with their Babylonian heritage and strengthening ties with Jewish communities worldwide. The article concludes by underscoring the enduring cultural, economic, and intellectual contributions of Jewish communities in Central Asia, reaffirming their historical significance and continued relevance within the broader Jewish diaspora.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Jews, Central Asia, Social Culture

Kaynakça

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