Hristiyan Liturjisinin Mistik ve Kutsal Objesi: Post-Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Bir Kalisin Kültürel ve İkonografik Tahlili

Öz

Bu çalışmanın konusunu Ökaristi (Şükran) ayininde kutsal şarabın takdis edilmesi için kullanılan ve İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzelerinde yer alan altın yaldızlı gümüş bir kalis oluşturmaktadır. Kalis, İsa’nın kanını sembolize eden şarabın konulduğu kabın adıdır ve Ökaristi’nin iki ana objesinden biridir. Örneklem olarak seçilen İstanbul Müzelerine ait 7641 (M) Envanter No.lu eserin tanımı ve tarihlendirme önerisi yapıldıktan sonra eser hem ikonografik hem de kültürel bağlamda değerlendirilmiştir. Eldeki veriler dikkate alındığında, 7641 (M) Envanter No.lu kalisin bir model olarak alandaki boşluğun doldurulmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Benzer örnekleri dikkate alınarak 18. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen eser, geniş ve kapsamlı bir çalışma konusunu oluşturduğu için sadece Post-Bizans Dönemi üzerinden bilgi aktarımı yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Eserin 18. yüzyıla tarihli benzer örneklerinin Rum ve Ermenilerin ortak tarzına uygun olarak yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Benzer örnekleri, Gümüşhane, Tokat, Doğu Trakya ve Yunanistan (Doğu Teselya civarı), Kayseri, Van ve Kozan (Sis) civarlarından gelmiştir. Ayrıca değerlendirme bölümünde Post-Bizans ve Osmanlı sanatı arasındaki dinî ilişkiye ve kültürel bağlama da dikkat çekilmiştir. Eser üzerinde yer alan melek ve on iki havarinin tasviri ise ikonografik açıdan ele alınırken sadece Ökaristi'nin teolojik ilişkisi ile sınırlı tutulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kalis
• Post-Bizans
• Ökaristi
• Hristiyan Liturjisi
• İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri

The Mystical and Sacred Object of the Christian Liturgy: Cultural and Iconographic Analysis of Post-Byzantine Chalice

Öz

The subject of this study is a gilded silver chalice used to consecrate the holy wine in the Eucharist (Thanksgiving) ritual and located in the Istanbul Archeological Museums. Chalice is the name of the vessel in which the wine symbolizing Jesus's blood is placed and is one of the two main objects of the Eucharist. After the definition and dating proposal of the object with Inventory No. 7641 (M) belonging to the Istanbul Museums, which was selected as a sample, the object was evaluated in both iconographic and cultural contexts. Considering the available data, the chalice with Inventory No. 7641 (M) will help fill the gap in the field as a model. Considering similar examples, the work was dated to the 18th century, and since it constitutes a large and comprehensive study subject, an attempt was made to convey information only on the Post-Byzantine period. It has been determined that similar examples of the chalice dating back to the 18th century were made in accordance with the common style of the Greek Orthodox and Armenians. Similar examples came from Gümüşhane, Tokat, Eastern Thrace, Greece (around Eastern Thessaly), Kayseri, Van, and Kozan (Sis). The common feature of these regions is that they were settlements where Greek Orthodox and Armenian populations lived densely in the 17th-19th centuries. In addition, the religious relationship and cultural context between Post-Byzantine and Ottoman art is highlighted in the evaluation section. The depiction of the angel and the twelve apostles on the work was considered from an iconographic point of view and was limited only to the theological relationship of the Eucharist.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chalice
• Post-Byzantine
• Eucharist
• Christian Liturgy
• Istanbul Archeological Museums

Kaynakça

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