2003 IRAK SAVAŞI SONRASI BASRA KÖRFEZİ’NDE ETKİLİ BİR UNSUR OLARAK GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME SİYASETİ

Öz

Bu makalenin temel çıkış noktasını, Basra Körfezi siyasetinde bölge aktörlerinin birbirleriyle karşılıklı etkileşim içinde olduğu ve bu durumun güvenlikleştirme siyasetinin sıklıkla uygulanmasına sebep olduğu iddiası oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Güvenlik Çalışmalarına alternatif bir bakış açısı sunan Kopenhag Okulu’nun temel argümanlarını kullanmanın mümkün olup olmadığı sorgulanmış, nihai olarak Kopenhag Okulu’nun önemli unsurlarından biri olan Güvenlikleştirme Teorisi üzerinden Basra Körfezi siyaseti incelenmiştir. Makalenin ana amacı, Basra Körfezi siyasetini öğretide sıklıkla kullanılan Realist kuramın dışında farklı bir bakış açısı üzerinden analiz etmenin mümkün olduğunu göstermektir. Zira Basra Körfezi siyaseti, içinde bulunduğu bölgenin dinamiklerine göre şekillenmektedir. Bu noktada bölge ülkelerinin siyaset yapıcıları söylem yoluyla güvenlik ajandalarını belirlemekte, bölge halkları üzerinden güvenliğe ilişkin tehdit algısının oluşmasını sağlamakta ve bu doğrultuda söz konusu güvenlik tehditlerinin toplumlar nezdinde kabul görmesini takiben olağanüstü tedbirler alma yoluna gitmektedirler. Dolayısıyla Basra Körfezi bölgesinde 2003 Irak Savaşı sonrası dönemde yoğun bir şekilde yükselişe geçen askeri güvenlik konusunun dahi aslında başarılı bir güvenlikleştirme siyasetinin parçası olduğu görülmektedir. 2003 Irak Savaşı’nın gerek İran gerek Basra Körfezi Arap ülkeleri açısından oldukça önemli bir dönüm noktası olması sebebiyle dönem olarak 2003 Irak Savaşı sonrası seçilmiştir. Ancak bu makale Irak ağırlıklı bir anlatıma sahip değildir. 2003 Irak işgali, kendisine atfedilmeden bölgedeki pek çok temel mevzuunun tartışılamayacak olması açısından referans olarak kabul edilmiştir. Zira İran-Irak ilişkileri ve de Irak-Basra Körfezi Arap ülkeleri ilişkileri başlı başına ayrı bir çalışma konusu teşkil edecek bir niteliğe sahip olup bu çalışmanın ana çatısının dışında tutulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İran dış politikası,Basra Körfezi siyaseti,Kopenhag Okulu,2003 Irak Savaşı

Securitization Policy as an Effective Tool in the Persian Gulf After 2003 Iraqi War

Öz

This article seeks to analyze Persian Gulf Politics through an assumption of mutual interaction among the regional actors that leads to the securitization politics in the region. In this article, which initially aims to analyze Persian Gulf policy using an alternative perspective, the main arguments of the Copenhagen School were applied by employing Securitization Theory. This article discusses that politics in the Persian Gulf is shaped by the unique dynamics of the region. At this point, securitization actors in the region use a rhetoric of existential threat and thereby take an issue out of what under those conditions is ‘normal politics’. Once they win the assent of the audience they get the authority to handle the issue to use whatever means they deem most appropriate. Therefore, the concept of military security, which has risen heavily in the aftermath of 2003 Iraqi War, is a result of a successful securitization policy of the regional states. Given the influence of 2003 Iraqi War on the foreign policies of the actors in the Persian Gulf, this article focuses on the post-war period. On the other hand, this article does not predominantly narrate the Iraqi War. The 2003 Iraqi War is assumed to just provide a reference for the comprehension of the regional politics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Iranian foreign policy,Persian Gulf policy,Copenhagen School,2003 Iraqi War

Kaynakça

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