A Comparison of Secondary School Curricula in Terms of Climate Change Education in the World and Turkey

Yıl 2020, , 187 - 201, 03.04.2020

Belma Barak Barbaros Gönençgil

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2019-0039

Öz

Climate Change Education (CCE) is an approach that has started to establish its own identity in recent years. Many countries have begun to integrate global climate change into their curricula according to the CCE approach, following the UNESCO call. The aim of this study is to compare the curricula of Turkey with those of other countries which cover Climate, Climate Change, and Global Warming in terms of goal (gain). The countries and states with the highest scores in PISA (2015) were selected. The data obtained in this study were collected using the document analysis method as a qualitative research method. According to the CCE approach, issues related to climate and climate change are covered using an interdisciplinary approach in Germany, USA, Australia, Canada, Spain, Republic of South Africa (RSA) and Turkey while they are covered using a disciplinary approach in Sweden. In Finland and England, both disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches are used with students. Establish a connection between local environmental issues and climate change, which is one of the components of CCE, can be found in the curricula of Finland, Sweden, Spain, Canada, Germany and RSA. In addition, comparison of the effects of climate change on the continents are made in the curricula of Finland and Australia. The topics of local effect of climate change and sustainability are cursory in the curricula of Turkey and USA. Curricula are focused on the environmental problems of the Baltic region in Finland, environmental problems in the African continent in RSA, especially water scarcity, and Australia’s ecological problems in Australia. While teaching past climate changes is a highlight of the CCE approach, only students in the UK learn how to interpret climate changes from the ice age to the present.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comparative Education, Climate Change Education, Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğretim Programlarının İklim Değişikliği Eğitimi Yaklaşımına Göre Karşılaştırılması

Öz

İklim Değişikliği Eğitimi (İDE) son yıllarda kendi kimliğini oluşturmaya başlamış bir yaklaşımdır. Birçok ülke UNESCO’nun çağrısına uyarak küresel iklim değişikliğini, İDE yaklaşımına göre öğretim programlarına entegre etmeye başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı PISA (2015) sınavında yüksek puan elde eden ülkelerin İklim, İklim Değişikliği, Küresel Isınma konularının verildiği ortaokul öğretim programlarını hedef (kazanım) açısından Türkiye öğretim programları ile karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. İklim ve iklim değişikliği ile ilgili konular İDE yaklaşımına uygun olarak Almanya, ABD, Avustralya, Kanada, İspanya, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti (GAC) ve Türkiye’de disiplinlerarası yaklaşımla verilirken İsveç’te disipliner yaklaşımla verilmektedir. Finlandiya ve İngiltere’de ise hem disipliner hem de multidisipliner dersler aracılığı ile öğrencilere aktarılmaktadır. İDE’nin bileşenlerinden biri olan “iklim değişikliğini yerel unsurlarla bütünleştirme” Finlandiya, İsveç, İspanya, Kanada, Almanya ve GAC öğretim programlarında yer alırken özellikle Finlandiya ve Avustralya’da kıtasal karşılaştırmalara da yer verilmektedir. ABD, İngiltere ve Türkiye’de ise sürdürülebilirlik konuları ve iklim değişikliğinin yerel etkileri yüzeysel olarak verilmektedir. Finlandiya’da Baltık bölgesinin çevre sorunlarına, GAC’da Afrika kıtasında yaşanan çevre sorunlarından özellikle su kıtlığına, Avustralya’da ise Avustralya’nın ekolojik sorunlarına yer verilmektedir. Geçmiş dönem iklim değişikliklerini öğretebilmek İDE yaklaşımında öne çıkan bir hususken sadece İngiltere’de öğrenciler buzul çağından günümüze kadar yaşanan iklim değişikliklerini yorumlayabilmeyi öğrenmektedirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karşılaştırmalı Eğitim, İklim Değişikliği Eğitimi, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma için İklim Değişikliği Eğitimi

Kaynakça

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