Yeşilırmak Havzası Yukarı Mecrasında Almus Fayı Boyunca Drenajın Gelişimi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 40, 39 - 63, 03.04.2020

Türkan Bayer Altın Bekir Necati Altın

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2019-0017

Öz

Yeşilırmak Havzası, Türkiye’de sismik olarak aktif fay zonlarından biri olan Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nda (NAFZ) bulunmaktadır. Almus Fayı da, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın (NAF) bir segmentidir. Bu çalışma, Almus Fayının tektonik aktivitesinin Yeşilırmak Havzası’nın yukarı mecrasındaki drenaj gelişimine etkisini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Akarsu uzunluğu gradyan indeksi (SL), dağ cephesi sinüositesi (Smf), fan yüksekliği (E), hipsometrik integral (Hi) ve eğri gibi morfometrik indeksler (Hi) Almus Fayı boyunca alt havzaların aşağı mecralarının, yukarı mecralarına göre tektonik olarak daha aktif olduğunu göstermektedir. Smf değeri batı kesimde 1,4, doğu kesimdeki alt havzaların ağzında 1,1’e düşmektedir. Aynı şekilde düşük E değerleri güney bölümde gözlemlenir. Bu durum çalışma alanında Almus fayı boyunca tektonik aktivitenin batıdan doğuya doğru arttığını ve kuzey kısımdaki yükselme oranının, güney kısımdan daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. Drenaj ağının gelişimi, yerel tektonik kademeli bir yükselme ve nemli bir iklim nedeniyle Pliyosen’de başlamış ve sonra Kuvaterner’deki tektonik hareketlerin etkisi ile devam etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tektonik Yükselme, Drenaj Gelişimi, Almus Fayı

Evaluation of Drainage in the Upper Catchment of the Yeşilırmak River Basin Along the Almus Fault, Northern Turkey

Öz

The Yeşilırmak River Basin is located in the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) which is one of the fault zones with intense seismic activity in Turkey. The Almus Fault is a segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). This study aims to reveal the effect of the Almus Fault on the drainage development and morphotectonic evolution of the upper catchment of the Yeşilırmak River Basin and the relative tectonic activity of the fault. Morphometric indices such as, stream length gradient index (SL), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and fan entrenchment (E) indicate that the downward of the sub-basins is tectonically more active than the upward which is ascribed to the tectonic activities along the Almus Fault. The Smf value is 1.4 at the west and decreases to 1.1 at the mouth of the sub-basins on the east. This indicates that the tectonic activity along the Almus fault in the study area increases from west to east and the uplift rate in the northern part is higher than the southern part of the study area. Development of the drainage network started during Pliocene due to differential uplift and a humid climate then developed under tectonic forcing during Quaternary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tectonic Uplift, Drainage Development, Almus Fault

Kaynakça

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