Anlamın Bilişsel Temsillerinin Amodal ve Algısal Sembol Kuramları Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi: Kuramsal Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 45, 29 - 43, 20.11.2025

Sümeyra Özkan

https://doi.org/10.26650/jol.2025.1767993

Öz

Bu çalışmada, anlamın bilişsel temsillerinin niteliğine ilişkin kuramsal bir derleme sunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda iki temel kuramın öne çıktığı görülmektedir: Amodal Sembol Kuramı ve Algısal Sembol Kuramı. Hesaplamalı Zihin Kuramı tarafından da savunulan Amodal Sembol Kuramı anlamın zihinde soyut semboller olarak temsil edildiğini, duyu-motor alanlardan bağımsız bir şekilde kodlanıp işlemlendiğini savunmaktadır. Algısal Sembol Kuramı ise anlamın soyut sembollerle değil, modaliteye özgü deneyimlerin zihinde yeniden canlandırılması yoluyla temsil edildiğini savunmaktadır. Bu kuram, bedenin aktif rolünü savunan Bedenlenmiş Biliş, Dağıtık Biliş ve Yayılmış Biliş yaklaşımlarının da temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu iki sembol türüne ilişkin güçlü kanıtlar ve bu kanıtlara verilen yanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bu durum, bazı araştırmacıları her iki sembol türünün de varlığını savunan birleştirici kuramlar oluşturmaya yöneltmiştir. Bu çalışmada, anlamın temsil türüne dair oluşturulan bu kuramları incelemek üzere kuramsal bir derleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Kuramsal inceleme, sistematik bir alanyazın taraması yapmak yoluyla değil, kuramların temel önermelerini ve bu önermelerde birbirleriyle nasıl benzeştikleri ya da çeliştiklerini analiz etme yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu kuramların temel savunularının neler olduğu, hangi noktada farklılık gösterdikleri ve ortak bir kuram geliştirmek üzere ne tür varsayımlar geliştirildiği soruları araştırmanın sorularını oluşturmuştur. Bu soruların yanıtları için her bir kuramın ana kaynakları temel alınarak inceleme yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilişsel Dilbilim , Anlambilimsel İşlemleme , Amodal Temsiller , Algısal Temsiller , Birleştirici Kuramlar

Cognitive Representations of Meaning from the Perspective of Amodal and Perceptual Symbol Theories: A Theoretical Overview

Öz

This study presents a theoretical review on the nature of cognitive representations of meaning. The literature on cognitive representations reveals the presence of two main theories: the Amodal Symbol Theory and the Perceptual Symbol Theory. The Amodal Symbol Theory, also supported by the Computational Theory of Mind, argues that meaning is represented in the mind as abstract symbols, which are encoded and processed independently of sensorimotor systems. In contrast, the Perceptual Symbol Theory posits that meaning is not represented through abstract symbols but through the mental reenactment of modality-specific experiences. This theory forms the basis for approaches such as Embodied Cognition, Distributed Cognition, and Extended Cognition, all of which emphasize the active role of the body. There is substantial evidence supporting both types of symbolic representation, and various responses have been proposed in reaction to these findings. This has led some researchers to develop integrative theories that advocate for the coexistence of both symbol types. In this study, a theoretical review was conducted to examine the types of representations proposed for meaning. The review does not follow a systematic literature review methodology, but rather analyzes the core assumptions of each theory and how these assumptions either align or conflict with one another. In this context, the study seeks to answer the following research questions: What are the main claims of each theory? In what ways do these theories diverge? What kinds of assumptions have been proposed to develop a unified account of meaning representation? The answers to these questions have been based on an examination of the primary sources of each theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cognitive Linguistics , Semantic Processing , Amodal Representations , Perceptual Representations , Hybrid Theories

Kaynakça

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