Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 63, 336 - 352, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217
https://izlik.org/JA78NP82UC

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ayers, Michael R. “Individuals without Sortals.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1974): 113–48. google scholar
  • Chandler, H. S. “Wiggins on Identity.” Analysis 29, no. 5 (1969): 173–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.5.173. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Nesne ve Doğası. Doruk Yayınları, 2003. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Object and Property. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1996. google scholar
  • Evans, Gareth. “Can There Be Vague Objects?” Analysis 38, no. 4 (1978): 208–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3327996. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. “Identity.” The Review of Metaphysics 21, no. 1 (1967): 3–12. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1968. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Kripke, Saul A. Naming and Necessity. Harvard University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Philosophical Papers and Letters: A Selection. 2nd ed. Translated by Leroy E. Loemker. Kluwer Academics Publishers, 1989. google scholar
  • Lewis, David K. On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell Publishers, 2001. google scholar
  • Mackie, Penelope. How Things Might Have Been: Individuals, Kinds, and Essential Properties. Clarendon Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Mooney, Justin. “Criteria of Identity without Sortals.” Noûs 57, no. 3 (2023): 722–39. google scholar
  • Noonan, H. W. “On the Notion of a Sortal Concept.” The Philosophical Quarterly 28, no. 110 (1978): 58. google scholar
  • Noonan, Harold W. “Wiggins on Identity.” Mind, New Series 85, no. 340 (1976): 559–75. google scholar
  • Robinson, Howard, and Ralph Weir. Substance. October 3, 2004. https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/substance/#Aca. google scholar
  • Shoemaker, Sydney. “Wiggins on Identity.” The Philosophical Review 79, no. 4 (1970): 529. google scholar
  • Snowdon, Paul. “On the Sortal Dependency of Individuation Thesis.” In From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. google scholar
  • Tennant, N. “Continuity and Identity.” Journal of Philosophical Logic 6, no. 1 (1977): 223–31. google scholar
  • Wasserman, Ryan. “Material Constitution.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/material-constitution/. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being and Their Identity. Oxford University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity. Blackwell, 1967. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. “On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time.” The Philosophical Review 77, no. 1 (1968): 90–95. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Sameness and Substance Renewed. Cambridge University Press, 2001. google scholar

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 63, 336 - 352, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217
https://izlik.org/JA78NP82UC

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ayers, Michael R. “Individuals without Sortals.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1974): 113–48. google scholar
  • Chandler, H. S. “Wiggins on Identity.” Analysis 29, no. 5 (1969): 173–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.5.173. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Nesne ve Doğası. Doruk Yayınları, 2003. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Object and Property. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1996. google scholar
  • Evans, Gareth. “Can There Be Vague Objects?” Analysis 38, no. 4 (1978): 208–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3327996. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. “Identity.” The Review of Metaphysics 21, no. 1 (1967): 3–12. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1968. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Kripke, Saul A. Naming and Necessity. Harvard University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Philosophical Papers and Letters: A Selection. 2nd ed. Translated by Leroy E. Loemker. Kluwer Academics Publishers, 1989. google scholar
  • Lewis, David K. On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell Publishers, 2001. google scholar
  • Mackie, Penelope. How Things Might Have Been: Individuals, Kinds, and Essential Properties. Clarendon Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Mooney, Justin. “Criteria of Identity without Sortals.” Noûs 57, no. 3 (2023): 722–39. google scholar
  • Noonan, H. W. “On the Notion of a Sortal Concept.” The Philosophical Quarterly 28, no. 110 (1978): 58. google scholar
  • Noonan, Harold W. “Wiggins on Identity.” Mind, New Series 85, no. 340 (1976): 559–75. google scholar
  • Robinson, Howard, and Ralph Weir. Substance. October 3, 2004. https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/substance/#Aca. google scholar
  • Shoemaker, Sydney. “Wiggins on Identity.” The Philosophical Review 79, no. 4 (1970): 529. google scholar
  • Snowdon, Paul. “On the Sortal Dependency of Individuation Thesis.” In From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. google scholar
  • Tennant, N. “Continuity and Identity.” Journal of Philosophical Logic 6, no. 1 (1977): 223–31. google scholar
  • Wasserman, Ryan. “Material Constitution.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/material-constitution/. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being and Their Identity. Oxford University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity. Blackwell, 1967. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. “On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time.” The Philosophical Review 77, no. 1 (1968): 90–95. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Sameness and Substance Renewed. Cambridge University Press, 2001. google scholar

Wiggins’in Özdeşlik ve Tür Kavramları Görüşü

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 63, 336 - 352, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217
https://izlik.org/JA78NP82UC

Öz

Özdeşlik ve süreklilikle ilgili çağdaş metafizik tartışmalarında özgün bir yeri olan David Wiggins, Peter Geach gibi düşünürlerin savunduğu göreli özdeşlik tezine karşı çıkarak özdeşliğin mutlak ve zorunlu olduğunu savunur. Wiggins’in tözcü yaklaşımına göre, tutarlı bir özdeşlik kuramının geliştirilmesi, nesnenin zihinden bağımsız tür kavramları altında bireyleştirilmesiyle ve bu türlerin belirlediği ilkelere göre zaman içindeki sürekliliklerinin izlenmesiyle olanaklıdır. Wiggins bu bağlamda, nesnelerin temel ve kalıcı özdeşliğini belirleyen töz türleri ile geçici durumlarına karşılık gelen aşama türleri arasında ayrım yapar. Töz türleri, bir nesnenin varlığını sürdürmesini sağlayan etkinlik ilkesini içerir ve bu ilke, Theseus’un Gemisi gibi özdeşlik paradokslarıyla ilgili önemli çözüm önerileri sunar. Buna göre, bu makalede, Wiggins’in bireyleşimin türe bağlılığı ilkesinin ve töz türleri-aşama türleri ayrımının, özellikle tür kavramlarının epistemolojik yönü, parçaların değişimi ve biyolojik başkalaşım gibi konularda kendisine yöneltilen eleştirilere karşın, nesnelerin zamandaki sürekliliği sorununa tutarlı bir çözüm önerisi sunduğu gösterilecektir. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada öncelikle Wiggins’in eserlerini temel alarak D-kuramının yapısı ortaya konulacak; ardından onun kuramının karşılaştığı mantıksal ve metafiziksel güçlükler, kuramına yöneltilen eleştirilerle birlikte incelenecek ve son olarak, bu eleştirilere karşı Wiggins’in kuramından türetilebilecek olası yanıtlar sunularak kuramın ne ölçüce bunları karşıladığı gösterilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Ayers, Michael R. “Individuals without Sortals.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1974): 113–48. google scholar
  • Chandler, H. S. “Wiggins on Identity.” Analysis 29, no. 5 (1969): 173–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.5.173. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Nesne ve Doğası. Doruk Yayınları, 2003. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Object and Property. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1996. google scholar
  • Evans, Gareth. “Can There Be Vague Objects?” Analysis 38, no. 4 (1978): 208–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3327996. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. “Identity.” The Review of Metaphysics 21, no. 1 (1967): 3–12. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1968. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Kripke, Saul A. Naming and Necessity. Harvard University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Philosophical Papers and Letters: A Selection. 2nd ed. Translated by Leroy E. Loemker. Kluwer Academics Publishers, 1989. google scholar
  • Lewis, David K. On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell Publishers, 2001. google scholar
  • Mackie, Penelope. How Things Might Have Been: Individuals, Kinds, and Essential Properties. Clarendon Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Mooney, Justin. “Criteria of Identity without Sortals.” Noûs 57, no. 3 (2023): 722–39. google scholar
  • Noonan, H. W. “On the Notion of a Sortal Concept.” The Philosophical Quarterly 28, no. 110 (1978): 58. google scholar
  • Noonan, Harold W. “Wiggins on Identity.” Mind, New Series 85, no. 340 (1976): 559–75. google scholar
  • Robinson, Howard, and Ralph Weir. Substance. October 3, 2004. https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/substance/#Aca. google scholar
  • Shoemaker, Sydney. “Wiggins on Identity.” The Philosophical Review 79, no. 4 (1970): 529. google scholar
  • Snowdon, Paul. “On the Sortal Dependency of Individuation Thesis.” In From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. google scholar
  • Tennant, N. “Continuity and Identity.” Journal of Philosophical Logic 6, no. 1 (1977): 223–31. google scholar
  • Wasserman, Ryan. “Material Constitution.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/material-constitution/. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being and Their Identity. Oxford University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity. Blackwell, 1967. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. “On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time.” The Philosophical Review 77, no. 1 (1968): 90–95. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Sameness and Substance Renewed. Cambridge University Press, 2001. google scholar

Wiggins’ Views on Identity and Sortal Concepts

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 63, 336 - 352, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217
https://izlik.org/JA78NP82UC

Öz

David Wiggins, who holds a unique place in contemporary metaphysical debates concerning identity and continuity, opposes the thesis of relative identity advocated by thinkers like Peter Geach and argues that identity is absolute and necessary. According to Wiggins’s substance-based approach, the development of a consistent theory of identity is made possible by the object’s individuation under mind-independent sortal concepts and the tracing of its continuity in time according to the principles determined by these sorts. In this context, Wiggins draws a distinction between substance sortals, which determine the fundamental and permanent identity of objects, and phase sortals, which correspond to their temporary states. Substance sortals incorporate the principle of activity that enables an object to persist, and this principle offers important solutions concerning identity paradoxes such as the Ship of Theseus. Accordingly, this article will demonstrate that Wiggins’s Sortal Dependency of Individuation Thesis and the substance sortals–phase sortals distinction offer a consistent solution to the problem of the continuity of objects in time, despite the criticisms leveled against them on issues such as the epistemological aspect of sortal concepts, change of parts, and biological transformation. To this end, the study will first outline the structure of the D-theory based on Wiggins’s works; subsequently, the logical and metaphysical difficulties encountered by his theory, along with the criticisms directed at it, will be examined, and possible responses derivable from Wiggins’s theory will be presented to show the extent to which these criticisms are met.

Kaynakça

  • Ayers, Michael R. “Individuals without Sortals.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1974): 113–48. google scholar
  • Chandler, H. S. “Wiggins on Identity.” Analysis 29, no. 5 (1969): 173–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.5.173. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Nesne ve Doğası. Doruk Yayınları, 2003. google scholar
  • Denkel, Arda. Object and Property. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1996. google scholar
  • Evans, Gareth. “Can There Be Vague Objects?” Analysis 38, no. 4 (1978): 208–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3327996. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. “Identity.” The Review of Metaphysics 21, no. 1 (1967): 3–12. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1968. google scholar
  • Geach, P. T. Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories. Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Kripke, Saul A. Naming and Necessity. Harvard University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Philosophical Papers and Letters: A Selection. 2nd ed. Translated by Leroy E. Loemker. Kluwer Academics Publishers, 1989. google scholar
  • Lewis, David K. On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell Publishers, 2001. google scholar
  • Mackie, Penelope. How Things Might Have Been: Individuals, Kinds, and Essential Properties. Clarendon Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Mooney, Justin. “Criteria of Identity without Sortals.” Noûs 57, no. 3 (2023): 722–39. google scholar
  • Noonan, H. W. “On the Notion of a Sortal Concept.” The Philosophical Quarterly 28, no. 110 (1978): 58. google scholar
  • Noonan, Harold W. “Wiggins on Identity.” Mind, New Series 85, no. 340 (1976): 559–75. google scholar
  • Robinson, Howard, and Ralph Weir. Substance. October 3, 2004. https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/substance/#Aca. google scholar
  • Shoemaker, Sydney. “Wiggins on Identity.” The Philosophical Review 79, no. 4 (1970): 529. google scholar
  • Snowdon, Paul. “On the Sortal Dependency of Individuation Thesis.” In From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. google scholar
  • Tennant, N. “Continuity and Identity.” Journal of Philosophical Logic 6, no. 1 (1977): 223–31. google scholar
  • Wasserman, Ryan. “Material Constitution.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/material-constitution/. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being and Their Identity. Oxford University Press, 2016. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity. Blackwell, 1967. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. “On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time.” The Philosophical Review 77, no. 1 (1968): 90–95. google scholar
  • Wiggins, David. Sameness and Substance Renewed. Cambridge University Press, 2001. google scholar
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular 21. Yüzyıl Felsefesi, Çağdaş Felsefe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ali Suat Gözcü 0000-0002-5076-0935

Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 28 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Ocak 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217
IZ https://izlik.org/JA78NP82UC
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 63

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Gözcü, Ali Suat. 2026. “Wiggins’in Özdeşlik ve Tür Kavramları Görüşü”. Felsefe Arkivi, sy 63: 336-52. https://doi.org/10.26650/10.26650/arcp.1611217.