Nietzsche ve Hristiyan Etiğinin Çöküşü: Günahın Yapısökümü Üzerine Radikal Bir Okuma

Öz

Bu makale, Hristiyanlıkta günah kavramının teolojik ve felsefi temellerini Friedrich Nietzsche’nin radikal eleştirisi ve Jacques Derrida’nın yapısökümcü yaklaşımı çerçevesinde eleştirel biçimde inceler. Augustine’in asli günah doktrininden Aquinas’ın ahlaki suçluluğu yorumlamasına kadar geleneksel öğretilerin arka planında, makale günahın metafiziksel bir hakikatten ziyade tarihsel olarak inşa edilmiş bir kontrol mekanizması olduğunu öne sürer. Nietzsche, günahı içgüdüleri bastıran ve erdem kisvesi altında zayıflığı yücelten köle ahlakının bir aracı olarak tanımlar. Derrida’nın logomerkezcilik eleştirisinden yola çıkarak, günahın Kilise otoritesini sürdüren dilsel bir yapı olup olmadığı tartışılır. Rowan Williams, John Milbank ve David Bentley Hart gibi çağdaş teologların katkılarıyla, günahın ontolojik bir kategori olmaktan çıkması durumunda Hristiyan etiğinin sürdürülebilirliği sorgulanır. Bu çalışma, günahın sabit bir doktrin değil, özgürlük, suçluluk ve otorite arasındaki gerilimleri görünür kılan dinamik bir mücadele alanı olduğunu ortaya koyar. Günümüz postmodern ve post-teistik dünyasında, Hristiyan ahlakının günah kavramı olmadan yeniden inşa edilip edilemeyeceği tartışmaya açılır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Derrida
• Etik
• Günah
• Nietzsche
• Teoloji

Nietzsche and the Collapse of Christian Ethics: A Radical Reading on the Deconstruction of Sin

Öz

This article critically investigates the theological and philosophical foundations of the Christian concept of sin through the lens of Friedrich Nietzsche’s radical critique and Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction. Positioned against the backdrop of traditional doctrines—from Augustine’s original sin to Aquinas’s moral guilt—the paper argues that sin has functioned less as a metaphysical truth and more as a historically contingent mechanism of control. Nietzsche identifies sin as a weapon of slave morality that suppresses instinct and affirms weakness under the guise of virtue. Building on this, the paper explores Derrida’s logocentric deconstruction to assess whether sin is a discursive construct sustaining ecclesiastical power. The analysis engages with contemporary theologians such as Rowan Williams, John Milbank, and David Bentley Hart, examining whether a post-secular Christian ethics can survive the collapse of sin as an ontological category. Ultimately, the study reveals that sin, far from being a static doctrine, is a dynamic site of contestation—one that exposes deeper tensions between freedom, guilt, and authority. In a world increasingly shaped by postmodern and post-theistic paradigms, this work questions whether Christian morality can be reconstructed without the scaffolding of sin, or if its removal leaves an irreparable void in the ethical landscape.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Derrida
• Ethics
• Nietzsche
• Sin
• Theology

Kaynakça

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