Vision Theory of Descartes

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 48, 1 - 20, 30.06.2018

Muhammet Gözütok

Öz

The traces of epistemological items of Descartes, which make him the fuounder of modern philosophy, are seen in his vision theory. The dualism, which is seen in the Descartes’s philosophy, spreads each element of his vision theory. One of the starting points in the reasoning that led Descartes to the inference of “ego cogito ergo sum” is the view that the senses are not be trusted to obtain information. This determination is one of the important points of his vision theory as welle as his theory of perception. Criticizing Aristotle’s perception theory, Descartes developed his own mechanical philosophy of nature. Descartes, which forms a vision theory parallel to this mechanical philosophy of nature, has a similar attitude to the approaches of Ancient Greek thinkers who deal with the problem of vision geometrically. In terms of Descartes, there must be a spiritual intervention in order for visualization to take place. According to Descartes, who has made a comparison between light and a cane used by blind people, seeing is a spatial perception. Contrary to the theory of images which suggests that images resemble their objects, Descartes considers that images represent the objects in which they are displayed in our minds and therefore represent the objects in which they are displayed. For this reason it can be argued that Descartes’ philosophy is representational.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Descartes, Vision Theory, Medium, Extramission, Intromission, Dualism

DESCARTES’IN GÖRME KURAMI

Öz

Descartes’ı modern felsefenin kurucusu yapan epistemolojik öğelerin uzantıları, onun görme kuramında da görülür. Descartes’ın felsefesinde görülen düalizm, onun görme kuramının her bir öğesine nüfuz etmiştir. Descartes’ı “Ego cogito ergo sum” çıkarımına ulaştıran akıl yürütmedeki çıkış noktalarından biri duyulara, bilgi edinme konusunda güvenilmeyeceği görüşüdür. Bu belirlenim, onun algı kuramının olduğu kadar görme kuramının da önemli noktalarının başında gelir. Aristoteles’in algı kuramını eleştiren Descartes, kendi mekanik doğa felsefesini geliştirmiştir. Bu mekanik doğa felsefesine paralel bir görme kuramı oluşturan Descartes, görme sorununu geometrik açıdan ele alan Antik Yunan düşünürlerinin yaklaşımlarına benzer bir tavır sergilemiştir. Descartes açısından görmenin gerçekleşmesi için ruhun bir müdahalesinin olması gerekmektedir. Görme engellisinin kullandığı baston ile ışık arasında arasında anaoloji yapmış olan Descartes’e göre görme mekânsal bir algılamadır. Görüntülerin şeylere benzediğini ileri süren resim kuramına karşı çıkan Descartes, görüntülerin görüntüledikleri objeleri zihnimizde canlandığını ve bu nedenle görüntülerin görüntüledikleri objeleri temsil ettiklerini düşünür. Bu nedenle Descartes’in felsefi dizgesinin representasyonalist olduğu görülür. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Descartes, Görme Kuramı, Medium, Extramission, İntromission, Düalizm

Kaynakça

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