Osmanlı Ulemasının Memlük Kahire’sindeki Kökleri

Öz

Osmanlı ilmiyesinin öncü figürleri, Seyyid Şerîf el-Cürcânî (ö. 816/1413), Molla Fenârî (ö. 834/1431), Şeyh Bedreddîn (ö. 832/1420) ve Hacı Paşa (ö. 827/1424) Kahire’deki Şeyhûniyye Medrese-hankâh’ında özel bir atmosferde eğitim gördüler. Bu kurum, çoğunlukla Anadolu ve İran’dan gelen öğrenci ve âlimleri kucakladı ve onlara akli ilimlerde ve tasavvufta uzmanlaşabilecekleri özel bir ortam sundu. Orada, Mübârekşâh el-Mantıkî (ö. 775/1373) ve Ekmeleddin el-Bâbertî’den (ö. 786/1384) aldıkları eğitim, erken dönem Osmanlı ilmî muhitinin şekillenmesini belirledi. Bu kurumun özel yerini vurgulamak için bu âlimler, bu çalışmada, daha geniş bir ilmî atmosferin parçası olarak Şeyhûniyye Ağı şeklinde adlandırıldı. Ancak Şâfi‘î-muhaddis âlim-tarihçilerin Şeyhûniyye’deki şahsiyetlerin biyografik kayıtlarını dışlayıcı bir biçimde yorumlamaları, Kahire’deki yabancı âlimlere karşı olan ön yargıyı göstermektedir. Bu ortam; Anadolulu veya İranlı kökene sahip, Hanefî mezhebine bağlı, çoğunlukla Râzî Ekolüne göre akli ilimlerle ve İbn Arabî ekolüne göre tasavvufla ilgilenen âlim-Sûfî tipolojisinin ortaya çıkmasını sağladı. Bu tipoloji, Şeyhûniyye Ağı’ndaki âlimler vasıtasıyla Osmanlı topraklarında aynı şekilde görülecekti. Kahire’de özel bir Hanefî muhitinin keşfi, iki önemli soruya yeni bir yaklaşım sağlayacaktır: Erken dönem Osmanlı ilmî muhitinin nasıl Râzî ekolüne göre kurulduğu ve neden İbn Arabî’nin (ö. 638/1240) öğretisine geniş bir tolerans gösterdiği.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şeyhûniyye
• Seyyid Şerîf el-Cürcânî
• Molla Fenarî
• Şeyh Bedreddin
• Hacı Paşa
• Alâuddîn el-Rûmî
• Osmanlı İlmiyesi

Roots of Ottoman Scholars in Mamlūk Cairo

Öz

The eminent figures of early Ottoman scholarship, al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413), Molla Fenārī (d. 834/1431), Shaykh Bedreddīn (d. 823/1420), and Ḥaci Paşa (d. 827/1424), were educated in the special atmosphere of al-Shaykhūniyya Madrasa-khānqāh in Cairo. This institution overwhelmingly embraced students and scholars coming from Anatolia and Persia and gave them a suitable environment to specialise in rational sciences and Sufism. The education they received from Mubārakshāh al-Manṭiqī (d. 775/1373) and Akmal al-Dīn al-Bābartī (d. 786/1384) determined the shaping of the early Ottoman scholarly milieu. Emphasising the special place of this institution in Mamlūk Cairo, this group is entitled in this work, the al-Shaykhūniyya Network, as a part of a larger scholarly atmosphere. However, Shāfiʿī-muḥaddith scholar-historians’ exclusionary interpretation of biographical accounts of figures al-Shaykhūniyya reveals the bias against stranger scholars in Cairo. This atmosphere provided the emergence of âlim-Sufi scholar typology: Anatolian or Persian-origin, adhering to the Ḥanafī madhhab, and mostly interested in the rational sciences according to the al-Rāzī School and tasawwuf according to the İbn ʿArabī School. This typology was going to be seen in the Ottoman province, exactly, via scholars of the al-Shaykhūniyya Network. Discovering a special Ḥanafī milieu of Cairo gives a new approach to the two questions of how the early Ottoman scholarly milieu was based on the al-Rāzī School and why it had a wide tolerance for Ibn ʿArabī’s (d. 638/1240) doctrine, unlike the dominant atmosphere in Cairo and Greater Syria at that time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• al-Shaykhūniyya
• al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī
• Molla Fenārī
• Shaykh Bedreddīn
• Ḥaci Paşa
• ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Rūmī
• Ottoman İlmiye

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