NEW TARGET MICROVESICLES AND EXOSOMES IN CANCER

Öz

In recent years, a new mechanism for intercellular communication has been put forward which involves the intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles. Most cancer cells release potentially functional biomolecules loaded in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as DNA, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs. The experiments showed that EVs uptake by tumor cells can alter cellular behavior. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are small, lipid bilayer membrane vesicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes communicate with near-by and distant cancer cells that promote cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition to intercellular communication, exosomes play a role in many biological processes such as signal transmission, genetic material transfer, and regulation of the immune response. EVs have emerged as an alternative mediator of communication within the tumor microenvironment and cancer metastasis. Because exosomes can change their content during various cancer treatments, they can play an important role in following the treatment. This review focuses on the function of EVs as signal transmitters between cells, called communicasomes (intercellular communication), and the importance of this function in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Extracellular vesicles
• exosome
• cancer
• therapy

KANSERDE YENİ HEDEF: MİKROVEZİKÜLLER VE EKSOZOMLAR

Öz

Son yıllarda hücreler arası haberleşmede ekstrasellüler veziküllerin transferini içeren yeni bir mekanizma öne sürülmüştür. Çoğu kanser hücresi protein, lipit, DNA ve mikroRNA’lardan oluşan ekstrasellüler veziküller (EV’ler) salarak komşu hücre davranışının değişmesine neden olabilmektedir. EV’lerin bir alt tipi olan eksozomlar hücreler arası iletişim sağlayan küresel şekilli, iki lipit tabakalı membran ile çevrili keseciklerdir. Eksozomlar kanser gelişimini, metastaz ve ilaç direncini kontrol etmek için yakın ve uzak çevre kanser hücreleri ile iletişim kurarlar. Eksozomlar hücreler arası iletişimin yanısıra sinyal iletimi, genetik madde aktarımı, bağışıklık yanıtının düzenlenmesi gibi birçok biyolojik işlevde rol oynar. EV’lerin tümör mikro çevresinde ve kanser metastazında alternatif bir haberleşme aracı olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Eksozomlar çeşitli kanser tedavileri esnasında içeriklerini değiştirebildiklerinden dolayı tedaviyi takip etmede önemli bir rol oynayabilirler. Bu derleme kanser tanı ve tedavisinin hedefi olarak komünikazom (hücreler arası haberleşme) olarak adlandırılan hücreler arasında sinyalleri ileten EV’lerin fonksiyonuna odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekstrasellüler veziküller
• eksozom
• kanser
• tedavi

Kaynakça

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