Women’s Peace Movement in International Relations: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 20, 107 - 128, 21.12.2020

Adviye Damla Ünlü

https://doi.org/10.26650/iukad.2020.783439

Öz

This study aims to examine the women’s peace movement in the context of the activism of transnational civil society that was influential in the formation of the idea of international relations before the First World War. The main argument of the study is that the women’s peace movement, which was institutionalized with the First World War, offers a different approach to international relations and peace than the idealist approach that prevailed in international relations after 1919. This argument was put forward by examining the establishment of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and the International Women’s Congress held in Hague, 1915, and the International Women’s Congress in Zurich, 1919. At the end of the study, which aims to draw attention to the activism of transnational civil society in the early stages of international relations, WILPF’s approach to peace is discussed. Based on the experiences of women’s movements before the First World War, women’s activism that transcends nation-state borders towards peace provides a current understanding of the causes of war and the conditions of sustainable peace. The evaluation of the approach of the international relations put forward by the women’s movement together with its origins contributes to the feminist international relations literature with historical research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Congress of Women, Suffrage Movement, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Women’s Peace Movemen

Uluslararası Ilişkilerde Kadınların Barış Hareketi: Barış ve Özgürlük için Uluslararası Kadın Birliği

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesindeki uluslararası ilişkiler düşüncesinin oluşumunda etkili olan ulusötesi sivil toplumun eylemliliği bağlamında kadınların barış hareketinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, Birinci Dünya Savaşı ile birlikte kurumsallaşan kadınların barış hareketinin, 1919 sonrası uluslararası ilişkilerde hâkim olan idealist yaklaşımdan farklı bir uluslararası ilişkiler ve barış yaklaşımı sunduğudur. Bu argüman, Barış ve Özgürlük için Uluslararası Kadın Birliğinin (WILPF), oluşum sürecinin ve 1915 yılında Lahey’de gerçekleşitirilen Lahey Uluslararası Kadınlar Kongresi ile 1919 yılında Zürih’te gerçekleştirilen Uluslararası Kadınlar Kongresinin incelenmesi ile ortaya konmuştur. Amaçları arasında, uluslararası ilişkilerin erken döneminde ulusötesi sivil toplumun aktörlüğüne dikkat çekmek bulunan çalışmanın sonunda WILPF’in barış yaklaşımı tartışılmaktadır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesi kadın hareketleri deneyimlerine dayanan kadınların barış yönündeki ulus-devlet sınırlarını aşan eylemselliği, savaşın nedenlerine ve sürdürülebilir barışın koşullarına ilişkin günümüzde de geçerli bir kavrayış sunmaktadır. Kadın hareketinin sunduğu uluslararası ilişkiler yaklaşımının kökenleri ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi feminist uluslararası ilişkiler literatürüne tarihsel bir araştırma ile katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadınların Barış Hareketi, Uluslararası Kadınlar Kongresi, Barış ve Özgürlük için Uluslararası Kadın Birliği, Kadınların Oy Hakkı Hareketi

Kaynakça

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