https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.16.1.0177New Centennial Review, 16(1), pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi. 16.1.0177 google scholar" />
Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: Special Issue, 75 - 87, 05.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309

Öz

Kaynakça

  • About us. (n.d.) Native Earth Performing Arts Inc. https://www.nativeearth.ca/about/ google scholar
  • Bassnett, S., & Trivedi, H. (1999). Post-colonial translation: Theory and practice. Routledge. google scholar
  • Bertacco, S. (2016). On translation: Between Postcolonialism and the Global Humanities. The New Centennial Review, 16(1), pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.16.1.0177New">https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.16.1.0177New Centennial Review, 16(1), pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi. 16.1.0177 google scholar
  • Boyd, C. (2008). Tomson Highway. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-tomson google scholar
  • Cariou, W. (2014). Indigenous Literature and other Verbal Arts, Canada (1960-2012). In J. H. Cox & D. H. Justice (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Indigenous American literature (pp. 577–588). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Charlebois, G. & Nothof, A. (2021). Tomson Highway. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term= Highway%2C%20Tomson google scholar
  • Diel, L. (2014). ‘And what are you dreaming about?’: An analysis of Tomson Highway’s Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Rupkatha Journal: On Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. 6(2), pp. 15–22. google scholar
  • Fagan, K. (2010). Code-switching humour in Aboriginal Literature. In E. LaRocque & P. DePasquale (Eds.), Across Cultures/Across Borders (pp. 25–41). Broadview Press. google scholar
  • Fouache, C. (2015). Staging the Indian Reserve: Tomson Highway’s The Rez Sisters. In G. N. Devy, G. V. Davis, & K. K. Chakravarty (Eds.), Performing identities (pp. 258–269). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315089942-16. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1989). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010a). Iskooniguni Iskweewuk (The Rez Sisters - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010b). Paasteewitoon Kaapooskaysing (Dry Lips - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1986). The Rez Sisters. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2008). “Why Cree is the Sexiest of All Languages.” In D. H. Taylor (Ed.), Me Sexy: An exploration of Native sex and sexuality (pp. 33–40). Douglas & McIntyre. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1986). The Rez Sisters. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1989). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2008). Why Cree is the sexiest of all languages. In D. H. Taylor (Ed.), Me Sexy: An exploration of Native sex and sexuality (pp. 33–40). Douglas & McIntyre. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010a). Iskooniguni Iskweewuk (The Rez Sisters - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010b). Paasteewitoon Kaapooskaysing (Dry Lips - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Leconte, M. (2018). (Non)Translation as resistance in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen. TranscUlturAl, 10(1), pp. 11–28. https://doi. org/10.21992/tc29381 google scholar
  • McCall, S. (2013). Intimate Enemies: Weetigo, Weesageechak, and the Politics of Reconciliation in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen and Joseph Boyden’s Three Day Road. Studies in American Indian Literatures, 25(3), 57–85. https://doi.org/10.5250/studa merindilite.25.3.0057 google scholar
  • Ng, T. (2022, Sept. 6). Tomson Highway on the magic of Cree and the power of myths. google scholar
  • Broadview. https://broadview.org/tomson-highway-interview/ google scholar
  • Niranjana, T. (1992). Siting translation: History, post-structuralism, and the colonial context. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Nothof, A. (2019). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl? term=Dry%20Lips%20Oughta%20Move%20to%20Kapuskasing google scholar
  • Nothof, A. (2022). Native Earth Performing Arts. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term= Native%20Earth%20Performing%20Arts google scholar
  • Pascual, N. (2013). Cosmopolitans at home: The Spanishness of Canadian women writers. In P. Somacarrera (Ed.), Made in Canada, Read in Spain: Essays on the translation and circulation of English Canadian literature (pp. 54–74). Versita. google scholar
  • Robinson, D. (2016). Acts of defiance in Indigenous Theatre: A conversation with Lisa Ravensbergen. In D. Robinson & K. Martin (Eds.), Arts of engagement: Taking aesthetic action in and beyond the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (pp. 181–192). Wilfred Laurier University Press. google scholar
  • Simon, S. (2011). Hybridity and translation. Handbook of Translation Studies (Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer, Eds.) John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 49–53. google scholar
  • Somacarrera, P. (2014). From ‘sisters to comadres’: Translating and transculturating Tomson Highway’s The Rez Sisters. Canada and Beyond, 4(1/2), pp. 41–64. https://doi.org/10.33776/candb.v4i1.3014 google scholar
  • Spivak, G. C. (2009). The Politics of Translation. Outside in the Teaching Machine (1st ed, Spivak, G. C., Ed) Routledge, pp. 200–225. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780203440872-9 google scholar
  • Tomson Highway releasing a musical picture book for kids in Cree and English. (2023, April 6). The Canadian Press. Retrieved from https:// www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/tomson-highway-releasing-a-musical-picture-book-for-kids-in-cree-and-english-1.6345780 google scholar
  • Vizenor, G. (2008). Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence. University of Nebraska Press. google scholar
  • Wakeham, P. (2007). Discourses of reconciliation, Aboriginal-State relations, and the production of postcolonial closure. Abstract for TransCanada II: Literature, Institutions, Citizenship, University of Guelph, pp. 11–14. google scholar

Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: Special Issue, 75 - 87, 05.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309

Öz

Inclusion of non-colonial language in theatre spaces is just one of the tools Indigenous playwrights can wield as a tool to make space for the inclusion of Indigenous voices. The Cree playwright Tomson Highway also uses this technique to build resistance. Highway, whose first language was Cree, includes his traditional language throughout his Rez Cycle plays, The Rez Sisters (1986) and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing (1989), as a form of resistance against the colonial erasure of traditional Indigenous languages. Reading these plays can be a jarring experience for non-Indigenous readers, as Highway refuses to include in-text translations for his Cree dialogue, much like how the performance would be experienced for a non-Indigenous audience. While Highway includes translations in foot notes or post-text appendices, this highlights the important questions of audience, inclusivity, and translation. This article uses a methodological lens I have developed called Critical Dispositioning, which is specifically designed to facilitate ethical engagement with Indigenous texts by settler-scholars. This article will explore Highway’s selective use of translation in his published plays (and rejection of it on stage) as a way of building community and highlight the ways in which Indigenous Theatre functions as a space of Indigenous resistance.

Destekleyen Kurum

McMaster University

Kaynakça

  • About us. (n.d.) Native Earth Performing Arts Inc. https://www.nativeearth.ca/about/ google scholar
  • Bassnett, S., & Trivedi, H. (1999). Post-colonial translation: Theory and practice. Routledge. google scholar
  • Bertacco, S. (2016). On translation: Between Postcolonialism and the Global Humanities. The New Centennial Review, 16(1), pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.16.1.0177New">https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.16.1.0177New Centennial Review, 16(1), pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.14321/crnewcentrevi. 16.1.0177 google scholar
  • Boyd, C. (2008). Tomson Highway. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/highway-tomson google scholar
  • Cariou, W. (2014). Indigenous Literature and other Verbal Arts, Canada (1960-2012). In J. H. Cox & D. H. Justice (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Indigenous American literature (pp. 577–588). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Charlebois, G. & Nothof, A. (2021). Tomson Highway. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term= Highway%2C%20Tomson google scholar
  • Diel, L. (2014). ‘And what are you dreaming about?’: An analysis of Tomson Highway’s Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Rupkatha Journal: On Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. 6(2), pp. 15–22. google scholar
  • Fagan, K. (2010). Code-switching humour in Aboriginal Literature. In E. LaRocque & P. DePasquale (Eds.), Across Cultures/Across Borders (pp. 25–41). Broadview Press. google scholar
  • Fouache, C. (2015). Staging the Indian Reserve: Tomson Highway’s The Rez Sisters. In G. N. Devy, G. V. Davis, & K. K. Chakravarty (Eds.), Performing identities (pp. 258–269). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315089942-16. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1989). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010a). Iskooniguni Iskweewuk (The Rez Sisters - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010b). Paasteewitoon Kaapooskaysing (Dry Lips - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1986). The Rez Sisters. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2008). “Why Cree is the Sexiest of All Languages.” In D. H. Taylor (Ed.), Me Sexy: An exploration of Native sex and sexuality (pp. 33–40). Douglas & McIntyre. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1986). The Rez Sisters. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (1989). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2008). Why Cree is the sexiest of all languages. In D. H. Taylor (Ed.), Me Sexy: An exploration of Native sex and sexuality (pp. 33–40). Douglas & McIntyre. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010a). Iskooniguni Iskweewuk (The Rez Sisters - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Highway, T. (2010b). Paasteewitoon Kaapooskaysing (Dry Lips - Cree). Fifth House. google scholar
  • Leconte, M. (2018). (Non)Translation as resistance in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen. TranscUlturAl, 10(1), pp. 11–28. https://doi. org/10.21992/tc29381 google scholar
  • McCall, S. (2013). Intimate Enemies: Weetigo, Weesageechak, and the Politics of Reconciliation in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen and Joseph Boyden’s Three Day Road. Studies in American Indian Literatures, 25(3), 57–85. https://doi.org/10.5250/studa merindilite.25.3.0057 google scholar
  • Ng, T. (2022, Sept. 6). Tomson Highway on the magic of Cree and the power of myths. google scholar
  • Broadview. https://broadview.org/tomson-highway-interview/ google scholar
  • Niranjana, T. (1992). Siting translation: History, post-structuralism, and the colonial context. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Nothof, A. (2019). Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl? term=Dry%20Lips%20Oughta%20Move%20to%20Kapuskasing google scholar
  • Nothof, A. (2022). Native Earth Performing Arts. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term= Native%20Earth%20Performing%20Arts google scholar
  • Pascual, N. (2013). Cosmopolitans at home: The Spanishness of Canadian women writers. In P. Somacarrera (Ed.), Made in Canada, Read in Spain: Essays on the translation and circulation of English Canadian literature (pp. 54–74). Versita. google scholar
  • Robinson, D. (2016). Acts of defiance in Indigenous Theatre: A conversation with Lisa Ravensbergen. In D. Robinson & K. Martin (Eds.), Arts of engagement: Taking aesthetic action in and beyond the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (pp. 181–192). Wilfred Laurier University Press. google scholar
  • Simon, S. (2011). Hybridity and translation. Handbook of Translation Studies (Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer, Eds.) John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 49–53. google scholar
  • Somacarrera, P. (2014). From ‘sisters to comadres’: Translating and transculturating Tomson Highway’s The Rez Sisters. Canada and Beyond, 4(1/2), pp. 41–64. https://doi.org/10.33776/candb.v4i1.3014 google scholar
  • Spivak, G. C. (2009). The Politics of Translation. Outside in the Teaching Machine (1st ed, Spivak, G. C., Ed) Routledge, pp. 200–225. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780203440872-9 google scholar
  • Tomson Highway releasing a musical picture book for kids in Cree and English. (2023, April 6). The Canadian Press. Retrieved from https:// www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/tomson-highway-releasing-a-musical-picture-book-for-kids-in-cree-and-english-1.6345780 google scholar
  • Vizenor, G. (2008). Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence. University of Nebraska Press. google scholar
  • Wakeham, P. (2007). Discourses of reconciliation, Aboriginal-State relations, and the production of postcolonial closure. Abstract for TransCanada II: Literature, Institutions, Citizenship, University of Guelph, pp. 11–14. google scholar
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Raphaela Pavlakos 0000-0001-7036-3980

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: Special Issue

Kaynak Göster

APA Pavlakos, R. (2025). Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 35(Special Issue), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309
AMA Pavlakos R. Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies. Ağustos 2025;35(Special Issue):75-87. doi:10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309
Chicago Pavlakos, Raphaela. “Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 35, sy. Special Issue (Ağustos 2025): 75-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309.
EndNote Pavlakos R (01 Ağustos 2025) Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 35 Special Issue 75–87.
IEEE R. Pavlakos, “Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing”, Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, c. 35, sy. Special Issue, ss. 75–87, 2025, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309.
ISNAD Pavlakos, Raphaela. “Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 35/Special Issue (Ağustos2025), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309.
JAMA Pavlakos R. Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies. 2025;35:75–87.
MLA Pavlakos, Raphaela. “Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, c. 35, sy. Special Issue, 2025, ss. 75-87, doi:10.26650/LITERA2024-1586309.
Vancouver Pavlakos R. Resisting Translation and Tomson Highway’s Rez Cycle Plays: Building Community Through Cree Language in The Rez Sisters and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies. 2025;35(Special Issue):75-87.