Mavi Yakalı Çalışanların İşyerinde Yapay Zekaya Yönelik Tutumlarını Şekillendiren Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar ve Kültürel Bağlamlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, mavi yakalı çalışanlar arasında psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, ulusal kültürel değerler ve yapay zekaya (YZ) yönelik iyimserlik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiştir. Mavi yakalı çalışanlar, işlerinin rutin ve manuel niteliği nedeniyle otomasyona özgün bir biçimde maruz kalmalarına rağmen, onların bakış açıları araştırmalarda yeterince temsil edilmemektedir. Üretim, lojistik ve hizmet sektörlerinde YZ kullanımının hızla artmasıyla birlikte bu dönüşüm beceri gereksinimlerini yeniden tanımlamakta ve çalışanların geleceğe ilişkin algıladıkları fırsatları etkilemektedir; bu sebeple psikolojik ihtiyaçların çalışanların beklentilerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini anlamak giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Mevcut çalışma kapsamında, 11 ülkeden 2.200 çalışanla kesitsel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçları yetkinlik, ilişkisellik ve işyerinde karar alma süreçlerinde söz hakkına sahip olmaya ilişkin göstergelerin yanı sıra, YZ’nin bireysel kariyer ve sektör genelindeki etkilerine yönelik iyimserliği ölçen ölçekleri içermektedir. Ayrıca kültürün düzenleyici etkisi, Hofstede’in bireyselcilik endeksi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, teknolojik uyuma ilişkin psikolojik süreçlerin bireysel ve kolektif düzeyde farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Algılanan yetkinlik, kişisel kariyer beklentilerine yönelik iyimserliğin en güçlü yordayıcısı olurken, hem yetkinlik hem de ilişkisellik YZ’nin sektör genelindeki etkilerine ilişkin iyimserliği yordamaktadır. İlişkisellik ile sektör düzeyindeki iyimserlik arasındaki pozitif ilişkinin, bireyselcilik düzeyi düşük ülkelerde daha güçlü olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç kolektivizme yönelik kültürel eğilimlerin, sektörel dönüşüme ilişkin beklentileri şekillendirmede toplumsal bağlantıların rolünü güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Söz hakkı değişkeni ise her iki düzeyde de iyimserlikle anlamlı bir ilişki göstermemiştir. Bulgular, teknolojik dönüşümün bireysel ve kolektif boyutlarında yetkinlik ve ilişkiselliğin birbirinden ayrışan roller oynadığını ve ilişkiselliğin sektör düzeyindeki iyimserlik üzerindeki etkisini kültürel değerlerin ölçülü biçimde şekillendirdiğini ortaya koyarak öz belirleme kuramını genişletmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, motivasyonel ve kültürel faktörlerin, mavi yakalı çalışanların otomasyon ve YZ’ye ilişkin beklentilerini birlikte belirlediğine dair uluslararası düzeyde kanıt sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mavi yakalı çalışanlar
• yapay zeka
• öz belirleme kuramı
• dijital değişim
• kültürlerarası karşılaştırma

Psychological Needs and Cultural Contexts Shaping BlueCollar Workers’ Attitudes Toward AI at Work

Öz

This study examined the relationship between psychological needs, national cultural values, and optimism about artificial intelligence (AI) among blue-collar workers. Blue-collar workers face distinctive exposure to automation due to the routine and manual demands of their jobs, yet their perspectives remain underrepresented in research. Understanding how psychological needs shape their expectations is increasingly important as AI adoption accelerates across manufacturing, logistics, and service sectors, reshaping skill requirements and influencing workers’ perceived future opportunities. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 2,200 employees across 11 countries. The survey included indicators of competence, relatedness, and voice in workplace decision-making, with measures of optimism regarding AI’s impact on individual careers and industry. Cultural moderation was assessed using Hofstede’s individualism index. The results revealed differentiated psychological mechanisms across individual and collective domains of technological adaptation. Perceived competence was the strongest predictor of optimism about personal career prospects, while both competence and relatedness predicted optimism about AI’s broader industry impact. The positive association between relatedness and industry optimism was stronger in countries with lower individualism, suggesting that cultural orientations toward collectivism amplify the role of social connection in shaping expectations about sectoral change. Voice showed no significant relationship with optimism in either domain. These findings extend self-determination theory by demonstrating that competence and relatedness play distinct roles across the individual and collective domains of technological change, with cultural values moderating the influence of relatedness on industry-level optimism. The results provide cross-national evidence that motivational and cultural factors jointly shape blue-collar workers’ expectations about automation and AI.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blue-collar employees
• artificial intelligence
• self-determination theory
• digital change
• cross-cultural comparison

Kaynakça

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