Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Universal Basic Income as a Social Policy Measure

Öz

Developments in artificial intelligence and robotics technology in the last 20 years have highlighted the possibility of substitution between technology and labor. As artificial intelligence and autonomous robots are increasingly integrated into working life, tasks undertaken by machines are also increasing. The role of the labor factor in working life and its proportion in national income are decreasing. Hence, this study aims to examine the development process of artificial intelligence and autonomous robots and their impact on employment. The feasibility of universal basic income as a social policy measure is investigated to address the possible negative effects of artificial intelligence and autonomous robots on employment. The context development, advantages, and objections of universal basic income are examined, and its importance as a social policy tool is mentioned. Consequently, results show that in the long term, artificial intelligence and autonomous robots will force the transformation of jobs, with many jobs being performed by robots with artificial intelligence. Universal basic income can be adopted globally as a social policy measure to ensure the balance of production and consumption and increase demand for goods and services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial intelligence
• Robots
• Employment
• Unemployment
• Universal basic income

Yapay Zekânın İstihdama Yönelik Etkileri: Bir Sosyal Politika Önlemi Olarak Evrensel Temel Gelir

Öz

Son 20 yılda yapay zekâ ve robot teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişmeler teknoloji ve emek arasında yer değişimi yaşanma ihtimalini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Yapay zekâ ve otonom robotların çalışma yaşamına daha fazla entegre olduğu görülürken, makinelerin üstlenmiş olduğu görevlerin paralel ölçüde arttığı görülmektedir. Emek faktörünün ise, çalışma yaşamındaki görevi ve ulusal gelirden aldığı pay azalmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekâ ve otonom robotların gelişim sürecini ve istihdam üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Yapay zekâ ve otonom robotların istihdam üzerindeki muhtemel olumsuz etkilerinin çözümünde ise evrensel temel gelirin bir sosyal politika önlemi olarak uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu çerçevede evrensel temel gelirin gelişimi, avantajları ve itirazları incelenerek, sosyal politika aracı olarak öneminden bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yapay zekâ ve otonom robotların uzun vadede işleri dönüşüme zorlayacağı ve birçok işin yapay zekâya sahip robotlar tarafından yapılacağı saptanmıştır. Üretim ve tüketim dengesinin sağlanabilmesi, mal ve hizmetlere olan talebin artırılabilmesi için evrensel temel gelirin süreç içerisinde bir sosyal politika önlemi olarak küresel ölçekte yaygınlaşabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zekâ
• Robotlar
• İstihdam
• İşsizlik
• Evrensel temel gelir

Kaynakça

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