Educational Achievement and Opportunities among Turkish Migrant Youth in Germany

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 75, 153 - 183, 28.12.2018

Taylan Acar

Öz

Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), this study provides a quantitative overview of educational achievement and opportunities among Turkish youth in Germany. The findings show that students with a Turkish background are the most disadvantaged group at the fifth and ninth grade level in the fields of German and mathematics. Moreover, proportionally, they are the least-represented group among academic high school track students; the track provides opportunities for admission to universities and universities of applied sciences. Fifty years after the first migration from Turkey to Germany began, Turkish youth have had problems regarding using German in everyday life, friendship networks, and residential segregation. According to the segmented assimilationist perspective, different immigrant groups experience different levels of accommodation in destination countries. In the German context, data show that other immigrant communities gradually adapt to German society one way or another, whereas the problems of Turkish accommodation are passed on to younger generations. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish immigrants, Immigrant accommodation, Educational inequalities, Theory of segmented assimilation, Germany

Almanya’daki Türkiye Asıllı Gençlerin Eğitim Başarısı ve Eğitim Fırsatları

Öz

Bu çalışma, Almanya Ulusal Eğitim Paneli Araştırmasıi  (UEPA) tarafından 2010-2011 akademik yılından itibaren boylamsal yöntemle yürütülen çalışmalara dayanarak, Almanya özelinde, Türkiye asıllı gençliğin eğitime erişim ve eğitim fırsatları alanlarında yaşadığı eşitsizlikleri nicel olarak incelemektedir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre Türkiye asıllı genç nüfus, 5. ve 9. sınıf düzeyinde hem Almanca hem de matematik alanlarında en dezavantajlı göçmen grubudur. Ayrıca oransal olarak, üniversite ve meslek yüksek okullarına geçişe fırsat sağlayan akademik lise öğrenciler arasında da Türkiye asıllı öğrenciler en az temsil edilen gruptur.  Türkiye’den Almanya’ya göçün ilk başladığı tarihten bu yana 50 yıl geçmiş olmasına rağmen, Türkiye asıllı genç nüfus başta gündelik hayatta Almanca kullanımı, arkadaşlık ağları ve ikamete dayalı etnik tecrit alanlarında olmak üzere büyük sorunlar yaşamaya devam etmektedir. Parçalı asimilasyon kuramı çerçevesinde, farklı göçmen gruplar tarihsel göç koşullarına bağlı olarak gittikleri ülkelerin toplumlarıyla farklı bütünleşme süreçlerinden geçerler. Almanya özelinde, diğer göçmen gruplar zamanla Alman toplumuyla bütünleşirken, Türkiye asıllı göçmen nüfusun bütünleşmesindeki sıkıntılar daha genç nesilleri etkilemeye devam etmektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiyeli göçmenler, Göçmen bütünleşmesi, Eğitim eşitsizlikleri, Parçalı asimilasyon kuramı, Almanya

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