2000-2020 Yılları Arasında G7 Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin İşgücü Piyasası Yapısının ve Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 83, 101 - 140, 30.12.2022

Didem Koca

https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.83.1008072

Öz

Dünyanın en gelişmiş yedi ülkesini temsil eden G7 ülkelerinde çalışma çağındaki nüfus hızla azalmakta ve 65 yaş üstü nüfus ise giderek artmaktadır. Türkiye’nin demografik yapısı incelendiğinde ise hem çalışma çağındaki nüfusunun hem de 65 yaş üstü nüfusun artış eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. G7 ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin demografik yapısında yaşanan bu farklılaşma, işgücü piyasası yapısına ve Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikalarına (AİPP) ne ölçüde yansımaktadır? Araştırmanın temel dinamiğini oluşturan bu soru kapsamında çalışmada, G7 ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin işgücü piyasasının yapısı ve bu ülkelerde uygulanmakta olan AİPP, 2000- 2020 yılları arasında Dünya Bankası ve OECD aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler ışığında betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, demografik nüfus yapısının değişiminde dikkat çeken ülkelerin potansiyelleri analiz edilerek, hangi ülkelerin hangi istihdam politikalarıyla öne çıktığını, çeşitli değişkenlere göre avantaj ve dezavantajlarının neler olduğunu ülkelerin emek piyasalarının genel özellikleri ışığında geniş bir perspektiften analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, AİPP ülkelerin işgücü dinamiklerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. AİPP, ülkelerin GSYİH içindeki payına göre değerlendirildiğinde; Fransa eğitim, doğrudan iş yaratma ve işe yerleştirme uygulamalarında öne çıkan ülke olmuştur. İtalya istihdam teşvikleri, Almanya işe yerleştirme uygulamaları, Japonya ve Birleşik Krallık ise işgücünün becerini etkinleştirmede öne çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de uygulanan en yaygın AİPP eğitim programlarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşgücü, istihdam, Aktif işgücü piyasası politikaları, İşsizlik, Demografik yapı

Comparative Analysis of the Labor Market Structure and Active Labor Market Policies of G7 Countries and Turkey Between 2000-2020

Öz

The population dynamics in the G7 countries, which represent the seven most developed countries in the world, differ from those in Turkiye. To what extent does this differentiation reflect in their labor market structure and active labor market policies This study descriptively analyzes the labor market structure and ALMPs of the G7 countries and Turkiye for the years 2000-2020 within the scope of this question, which constitutes the basic dynamic of the research. The study aims to analyze the potentials of the G7 countries and Turkiye, which attract attention with regard to changes in their population structures between 2000-2020 and to analyze which countries stand out in terms of active labor market policies with respect to various variables and their advantages and disadvantages in light of the general characteristics of these countries’ labor markets. According to the study results, ALMPs differ with respect to countries’ labor force dynamics. When evaluating active labor market policies according to countries’ GDP, France is seen to excel in education, direct job creation, and job placement practices; Italy in its employment incentives; Germany its job placement practices; and Japan and UK in their workforce skills activation. The most common ALMPs implemented in Turkiye involves training programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Labor force, Employment, Active labor market policies, Unemployment, Demographic structure

Kaynakça

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