Türkçe Hakkındalık ve Karşıtsal Konularının Bürünsel Yapısı

Öz

Bu çalışma, Özne-Nesne-Eylem (ÖNE) sıralamasında tümce başındaki Türkçe hakkındalık ve karşıtsal konularını araştırmaktadır. Hakkındalık ve farkındalık konuları altı farklı koşul altında araştırılmıştır. Konuların bürünsel işaretlemesi deneysel ve kuramsal açıdan incelenmiştir. Temel sıklık değerleri (F0) ve süre değerleri çalışmanın temel ölçüm kriterleridir. Koşullar, söylem yenisi ve eskisi olarak ortaya çıkabilecek hakkındalık ve karşıtsal konularını farklı bilgi yapısı sıralamaları bazında karşılaştırır. Bu koşullar, geniş odak koşulu altındaki odak cümlelerinin bürünüyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Anadil konuşurlarından diyaloglar aracılığıyla toplanan verilerden hedef tümceler çıkartılarak Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2020) ile bölümlenmiş ve incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre öznenin bulunduğu çekirdek öncesi alanın sağ kenarındaki ve nesnenin bulunduğu çekirdek alandaki F0 değerleri tümce başı konu koşulları ile daha yüksektir. Hatta bu ölçüm noktalarında hakkındalık konuları karşıtsal konulardan daha yüksek F0 değerine sahiptir ancak devamında yürütülen istatiksel çalışma bunun tüm koşullar karşılaştırıldığında bile kategorik bir özellik olmadığını göstermektedir. Çekirdek öncesi, çekirdek ve çekirdek sonrası alanların süre ölçümleri de bu altı koşul için anlamlı bir fark olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, Türkçe için hakkındalık ve karşıtsal konularının sözdizimsel ve anlambilimsel olarak farklı işaretlenmelerine rağmen, ayırt edici bir bürünsel stratejiyle işaretlenmedikleri ve geniş odak tümcelerinden ayrı olmadıkları sonucuna varmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bürünbilim
• Anlambilim
• Hakkındalık konusu
• Karşıtsal konu
• Geniş Odak

The Prosody of Aboutness and Contrastive Topics in Turkish

Öz

his study investigates prosodic marking of sentence initial aboutness topics and contrastive topics in Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order in Turkish under six different conditions within experimental and theoretical perspectives. Fundamental frequency (F0) and duration values are the evaluation criteria of the study. The conditions illustrate aboutness and contrastive topics - discourse-new or discourse given - in different information packaging options. These conditions are compared with focus phrases under broad focus conditions. The data were collected from native speakers with the help of dialogues including the target sentences. The sentences, extracted from the recordings, were annotated via Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2020). The results indicate that F0 values at the right edge of the prenuclear domain and the nuclear domain are higher with topic phrases. Aboutness topics have higher values than contrastive topics. However, the statistical analysis indicates that this is not a categorical property when all six conditions are analyzed. Duration measurements of prenuclear, nuclear and postnuclear domains also do not differ under these six conditions. To conclude, Turkish aboutness and contrastive topics are marked with different syntactic and semantic tools, but they are not marked with a distinctive prosodic strategy and they do not differ from broad focus sentences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prosody
• Semantics
• Aboutness topic
• Contrastive topic
• Broad focus

Kaynakça

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