Narrative Therapy: A Review on Adding New Colors to the Therapeutic World

Öz

Narrative therapy is a therapeutic model that is situated among the third wave approaches and differs greatly from traditional psychotherapy methods. It is based on philosophical and institutional foundations that stem from social constructivism, post-constructivism, discourse, feminism, hermeneutics, and postmodernism. Narrative therapy assumes that people's lives are shaped by social and cultural contexts, which are then transformed into stories with accepted "truths" and discourses. These narratives shape people's identities and influence how they think, feel, and behave. The therapy aims to reveal alternative stories that are dominant in people's lives and to help people pursue behaviors that make their future lives more meaningful and rich. The purpose of this review study is to introduce and discuss narrative therapy in general. To this end, the origin of narrative therapy will be discussed first, followed by an explanation of its philosophical foundations and theoretical basis. Then, the therapy process and techniques used in the therapeutic process will be examined, and finally, the results of studies on the effectiveness of narrative therapy will be reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Narrative therapy
• Effectiveness
• Psychological counseling
• Narrative
• Review article

Anlatı Terapisi: Terapötik Dünyaya Yeni Renkler Katmak Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Anlatı terapisi üçüncü dalga yaklaşımlar arasında yer alan, felsefi ve kurumsal temellerini sosyal yapısalcılık, post-yapısalcılık, söylem, feminizm, hermenötik, postmodernizm üzerine temellendiren ve geleneksel psikoterapi yöntemlerinden oldukça farklılaşan bir psikoterapi modelidir. Anlatı terapisi, insanların hayatının sosyal ve kültürel bağlamlar tarafından şekillendiğini varsaymaktadır ve bu bağlamların belirli söylemler ve kabul edilen 'gerçekler' ile anlatılara dönüştüğünü öne sürmektedir. Bu anlatılar, insanların kimliklerini belirlemekte ve nasıl düşüneceklerini, nasıl hissedeceklerini veya nasıl davranacaklarını etkilemektedir. Anlatı terapisi baskın anlatılardan kaynaklı olarak insanların yaşadıklarına karşın alternatif hikayeleri ortaya çıkarmaktadır ve gelecekteki yaşamlarını daha anlamlı ve zengin kılacak davranışları sürdürmelerine yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, anlatı terapisini tanıtmak ve genel olarak ele almaktır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle anlatı terapisinin ortaya çıkışı ele alınacak ve ardından felsefi temelleri ve kuramsal dayanakları açıklanacaktır. Daha sonra terapi süreci ve terapötik süreçte kullanılan teknikler incelenecek ve son olarak anlatı terapisinin etkililiğine dair yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları gözden geçirilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Narrative Terapi, Etkililik, Psikolojik Danışma, Anlatı Terapisi, Anlatı

Anahtar Kelimeler

• narrative terapi
• psikolojik danışma
• etkililik
• Anlatı Terapisi
• anlatı

Kaynakça

1. Abu-Rayyan, N. M. (2009). Seasons of life: Ex-detainees reclaiming their lives. International Journal of Narrative Therapy & Community Work, (2), 24-40.
2. Andersen, T. (1987). ‘The reflecting team; dialogue and meta-dialogue in clinical work’, Family Process, 26 (4): 415–28.
3. Avila, C. E. (2005). Emotionally focused therapy and narrative therapy integrated: Application to a trigeminal neuralgia client. (Alliant International University, SanDiego).
4. Beaudoin, M. N., Moersch, M., & Evare, B. S. (2016). The effectiveness of narrative therapy with children's social and emotional skill development: an empirical study of 813 problem-solving stories. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 35(3), 42-59.
5. Bertolino, B., & O’Hanlon, B. (2002). Collaborative, competency-based counseling and therapy. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
6. Besley, T. (2001). Foucauldian influences in narrative therapy: An approach for schools. The Journal of Educational Enquiry, 2(2).
7. Bochner, A. P. (2016). Coming to narrative: A personal history of paradigm change in the human sciences. Routledge.
8. Buckman, R., Kinney, D., & Reese, A. (2008). Narrative therapies. Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice A generalist-eclectic approach. Springer Publishing Company.

9. Carey, M., & Russell, S. (2003). Re-authoring: Some answers to commonly asked questions. International Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work, 3, 60-71.
10. Carr, A. (1998). Michael White's narrative therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 20, 485-503. Cevizci, A. (2015). Felsefeye giriş. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
11. Combs, G., & Freedman, J. (2012). Narrative, poststructuralism, and social justice: Current practices in narrative therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(7), 1033-1060.
12. Corey, G. (2019). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. Mentis Yayıncılık. Çelik, H. (2017). “Psikoterapide yeni soluk: öyküsel terapi”. e-Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4 (1). 34-50.
13. Dastbaaz, A., Yeganehfarzand, S. H., Azkhosh, M., Shoaee, F., & Salehi, M. (2014). The effect of group counseling. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 12 (20), 11-15.
14. Denborough, D. (2008). Collective narrative practice. Dulwich Centre Publications.
15. Denborough, D. (2018). Do you want to hear a story?: Adventures in collective narrative practice. Dulwich Centre Publications.
16. Doan, R. E. (1997). Narrative therapy, postmodernism, social constructionism, and constructivism: Discussion and distinctions. Transactional Analysis Journal, 27(2), 128-133.
17. Dyck, T. (2000). Narrative therapy with individual adults (Master's thesis).
18. Edkins, J. (2007). Poststructuralism. in international relations theory for the twenty-first century (pp. 98- 108). Routledge.
19. Espin, O. M. (1995). Race', racism, and sexuality in the life narratives of immigrant women. Feminism & Psychology, 5(2), 223-238.
20. Fox, H. (2003). Using therapeutic documents-A review. International Journal of Narrative Therapy & Community Work, (4), 26-36.
21. Freedman, J., & Combs, G. (1996). Narrative therapy. New York: Norton.
22. Ghavibazou, E., Hosseinian, S., & Abdollahi, A. (2020). Effectiveness of narrative therapy on communication patterns for women experiencing low marital satisfaction. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 195-207.
23. Gladding, S. T. (2017). Aile terapisi, tarihi, kuram ve uygulamaları (İ. Keklik & İ. Yıldırım Çev.). Ankara: Türk PDR Yayınları.
24. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
25. Heywood, L., Conti, J., & Hay, P. (2022). Paper 1: a systematic synthesis of narrative therapy treatment components for the treatment of eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(1), 137.
26. Hyvärinen, M. (2010). Revisiting the narrative turns. Life Writing, 7(1), 69-82.
27. Johnston, S. K. (2010). The effect of forgiveness therapy and narrative therapy training with graduate counseling students: personal, academic, and professional development, and psychological well-being (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin--Madison).
28. Karairmak, Ö., & Bugay, A. (2010). Postmodern diyalog: Öyküsel psikolojik danışma. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(33), 24-36.
29. Lambie, G. W., & Milsom, A. (2010). A narrative approach to supporting students diagnosed with learning disabilities. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(2), 196-203.
30. Looyeh, M. Y., Kamali, K., Ghasemi, A., & Tonawanik, P. (2014). Treating social phobia in children through group narrative therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 16-20.
31. Madigan, S. (2016). Naratif terapi. İstanbul: Okuyan Us.
32. Madigan, S. & Law, I. (Eds.). (1998). Praxis: Situating discourse, feminism & politics in narrative therapies. Vancouver: The Cardigan Press.
33. McKenzie-Smith, L. (2020). Are narrative therapy groups effective for people with intellectual disabilities? A critical review of the literature. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 25(4), 213-222. doi:10.1108/TLDR-05-2020-0008
34. McLeod, J. (1997). Narrative and psychotherapy. Sage Publications.
35. Mirmiran, P., Ghorbani, Z., & Hosseini-Esfahani, F. (2017). A narrative review of obesity and its associated complications in Iranian Women. Women’s Health Bulletin, 4(2), 1-9.
36. Morgan, A. (2022). Narrative terapi nedir? (Çev. Aydın İ.E.). Kaknüs Yayıncılık.
37. Murdock, N. L. (2013). Psikolojik danışma ve psikoterapi kuramları: Olgu sunumu yaklaşımıyla. (Akkoyun, F., Çev.) Nobel Yayıncılık.
38. Payne, M. (2006). Narrative therapy: An introduction for counsellors. Sage Publications.
39. Parry, A., & Doan, R. E. (1994). Story re-visions: Narrative therapy in the postmodern world. Guilford Press. Petersen, S., Bull, C., Propst, O., Dettinger, S., & Detwiler, L. (2005). Narrative therapy to prevent illness‐related stress disorder. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83(1), 41-47.
40. Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (Eds.). (2014). Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis (8th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cenage Learning.
41. Rumian, K., Pollok-Waksmańska, W., Łukasik, R., Smolarczyk-Kosowska, J., Ngo, A., Ryl, S., ... & Walewska-Zielecka, B. (2020). The effectiveness of the narrative therapy on the fear of negative/positive evaluation and social phobia symptoms in socially anxious female students. The effectiveness of the narrative therapy on the fear of negative/positive evaluation and social phobia symptoms in socially anxious female students, 179.
42. Sardana, S., Marcus, M., & Verdeli, H. (2016). Narratives of violence, pathology, and empowerment: mental health needs assessment of home‐based female sex workers in rural India. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72 (8), 827-838.
43. Sarup, M. (1997). Post-yapısalcılık ve postmodernizm (Çev. A. Baki Güçlü). Ankara: Ark Yayınları.
44. Schiff, B. (2012). The function of narrative: Toward a narrative psychology of meaning. Narrative Matters, 2(1), 33-47.
45. Schmidt, V. A. (2008). Discursive institutionalism: The explanatory power of ideas and discourse. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 11, 303-326.
46. Shakeri, J., Ahmadi, S. M., Maleki, F., Hesami, M. R., Moghadam, A. P., Ahmadzade, A., ... & Elahi, A. (2020). Effectiveness of group narrative therapy on depression, quality of life, and anxiety in people with amphetamine addiction: A randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 45(2), 91.
47. Sharf, R. S. (2015). Theories of psychotherapy & counseling: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning.
48. Shapiro, J., & Ross, V. (2002). Applications of narrative theory and therapy to the practice of family medicine. Family Medicine-Kansas City-, 34(2), 96-100.
49. Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2009). Narrative inquiry in sport and exercise psychology: What can it mean, and why might we do it? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 1-11.
50. Taghipour A, Ghamari kivi H, Sheikholslamy A, Rezaeisharif A. (2022). The efficacy of the narrative therapy emphasizing on innovative moments on cognitive emotion regulation in girls with nonsuicidal self injury. Journal of Psychological Science. 21(109), 145-162. doi:10.52547/JPS.21.109.145
51. Tarragona, M. (2008). Postmodern/poststructuralist therapies. Twenty-First Century Psychotherapies: Contemporary Approaches to Theory and Practice, 167-205.
52. TDK. (2023). 14.01. 2023 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr adresinden alındı.
53. Thomas, L. (2002). Poststructuralism and therapy- What’s it all about? International Journal of Narrative Therapy & Community Work, 2002(2), 85–89.
54. Topakkaya, A. (2007). Felsefî hermeneutik. FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (4), 75-92.
55. Wallis, J., Burns, J., & Capdevila, R. (2011). What is narrative therapy and what is it not? The usefulness of Q methodology to explore accounts of White and Epston's (1990) approach to narrative therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(6), 486-497.
56. Weber, M., Davis, K., & McPhie, L. (2006). Narrative therapy, eating disorders and groups: enhancing outcomes in rural NSW. Australian Social Work, 59(4), 391-405.
57. White, H. (1990). The content of the form: Narrative discourse and historical representation. JHU Press.
58. White, M. (1984). Pseudo-encopresis: From avalanche to victory, from vicious to virtuous cycles. Fam Syst Med, 2, 150-160.
59. White, M. (1995). The narrative perspective in therapy. In M. White (Ed.), Re-authoring lives: Interviews & essays. Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications.
60. White, M. (2001). Narrative practice and the unpacking of identity conclusions. Gecko: A Journal of Deconstruction and Narrative Ideas in Therapeutic Practice, (1), 28-55.
61. White M.(2004). Working with people who are suffering and the consequences of multiple trauma. Int J Narrat Ther Commun Work. 1, 44–75.
62. White, M. (2018). Men’s culture, the men’s movement, and the constitution of men’s lives. In Men’s ways of being (pp. 163-193). Routledge.
63. White, M. and Epston, D. (1990) Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. W. W. Norton
64. Wilterdink, N. A. (2002). The sociogenesis of postmodernism. European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes De Sociologie, 43(2), 190-216.
65. Wolter, J.A., DiLollo, A., & Apel, K. (2006). A narrative therapy approach to counseling: A model for working with adolescents and adults with language-literacy deficits. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 37,168-177.
66. Yurdakul, H. (2020). Michel Foucault, post-modernizm ve bilgi. Nosyon: Uluslararası Toplum ve Kültür Çalışmaları Dergisi, (6), 14-32.
67. Zimmerman, J. L., & Dickerson, V. C. (1996). If problems talked: Narrative therapy in action. Guilford Press.