Antioxidant effect of Achillea biebersteinii in different extracts and extinguhishing activity on DPPH

Öz

Achillea biebersteinii (A. biebersteinii), one of the Achillea species, has been proven to have positive effects in terms of pharmaceuticals thanks to the components it contains. Our study was designed to investigate the quenching activity of A. biebersteinii on total phenolic component, total flavonoid component and DPPH radical. The total flavonoid component amounts of the ethanol and water extract of A. biebersteinii plant were calculated to be equivalent to quercetin, and the total phenol component amounts to gallic acid. The DPPH radical quenching activity of the ethanol and water extract of the A. biebersteinii plant was investigated by modifying the Teixeira method. The copper II ion reduction method (CUPRAC) is inspired by the Apak method. We can say that the water and alcohol extract of A. biebersteinii gave good results compared to BHA and BHT, which have good quenching activity on DPPH radical. It was observed that A. biebersteinii was rich in flavonoids and phenolics. As a result of Cuprac analysis, it was stated that the effect of the aqueous extract was significant compared to the positive controls. The A. biebersteinii plant is thought to be effective in the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer, due to its powerful antioxidant and radical quenching activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achillea biebersteinii
• flavonoid
• phenolic
• cuprac
• antioxidant

Achillea biebersteinii'nin Farklı Ekstraktlarda Antioksidan Etkisi ve DPPH Üzerindeki Söndürme Aktivitesi

Öz

Achillea türlerinden biri olan Achillea biebersteinii (A. biebersteinii), içerdiği bileşenler sayesinde farmasötik açıdan olumlu etkilere sahip olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Çalışmamız, A. biebersteinii'nin toplam fenolik bileşen, toplam flavonoid bileşen ve DPPH radikali üzerindeki söndürme aktivitesini araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. A. biebersteinii bitkisinin etanol ve su ekstraktının toplam flavonoid bileşen miktarları quercetin'e, toplam fenol bileşen miktarları ise gallik aside eşdeğer olarak hesaplandı. A. biebersteinii bitkisinin etanol ve su özütünün DPPH radikal söndürme aktivitesi Teixeira yöntemi değiştirilerek araştırıldı. Bakır II iyon azaltma yöntemi (CUPRAC), Apak ve arkadaşlarının çalışmalarından esinlenerek yapılmıştır. A. biebersteinii'nin su ve alkol özütünün, DPPH radikali üzerinde iyi söndürme aktivitesine sahip olan BHA ve BHT'ye kıyasla iyi sonuçlar verdiğini söyleyebiliriz. A. biebersteinii' nin flavonoidler ve fenolikler açısından zengin olduğunu görüldü. Cuprac analizi sonucunda sulu ekstrenin etkisinin pozitif kontrollere göre önemli olduğu belirtildi. A. biebersteinii bitkisinin, güçlü antioksidan ve radikal söndürme aktivitesinden dolayı başta kanser olmak üzere birçok hastalığın tedavisinde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achillea biebersteinii
• Fenolik
• Flavonoid
• Kuprak
• Antioksidan

Kaynakça

1. Abd-Alla, H. I., Shalaby, N. M., Hamed, M. A., El-Rigal, N. S., Al-Ghamdi, S. N., & Bouajila, J. (2016). Phytochemical composition, protective and therapeutic effect on gastric ulcer and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 39 (1): 10-20. doi: 10.1007/s12272-014-0544-9
2. Akkol, E. K., Koca, U., Pesin, I., & Yilmazer, D. (2011). Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Achillea biebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae) by in vivo excision and incision models. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep039
3. Alfatemi, S. M. H., Rad, J. S., Rad, M. S., Mohsenzadeh, S., & Da Silva, J. A. T. (2015). Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and in vitro antibacterial activity of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oil on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spp. 3 Biotech, 5 (1): 39-44. doi: 10.1007/s13205-014-0197-x
4. Alhakmani, F., Kumar, S., & Khan, S. A. (2013). Estimation of total phenolic content, in–vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3 (8): 623-627. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13): 60126-4
5. Altındağ, F., & Özdek, U., 2021. Protective Eff ects of Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Sodium Fluoride-Induced Testicular Damage in Male Rats: A Stereological and Histopathological Study. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 27(2), 83-189.
6. Altindağ, F., & Rağbetli, M. Ç., 2021. The effect of maternal treatment with diclofenac sodium and thymoquinone on testicular parameters in rat offspring. Revista Internacional de Andrología. 19(1), 34-40
7. Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., and Karademir, S. E., 2004. Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(26), 7970-7981.
8. Ayeygin, K., Alp, H. H., Huyut, Z., Yıldırım, S., Altındag, F., & Avci, V., 2021. The effects of CoQ10 supplement on matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative DNA damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines in testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia. 53: e13839

9. Baharara, J., Namvar, F., Ramezani, T., Mousavi, M., & Mohamad, R. (2015). Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Achillea biebersteinii flower extract: apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells via caspase activation and regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression. Molecules, 20 (2): 2693-2706. doi:10.3390/molecules20022693
10. Barış, Ö., Güllüce, M.., Şahin, F., Özer, H., Kiliç, H., Özkan, H., & Özbek, T. (2006). Biological activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea biebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 30 (2): 65-73.
11. Eghdami, A., & Fatemeh, S. (2010). Determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents in methanolic and aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium. The Journal of Organic Chemistry (2): 81-84.
12. Gorinstein, S., Leontowicz, M., Leontowicz, H., Najman, K., Namiesnik, J., Park, Y. S., & Trakhtenberg, S. (2006). Supplementation of garlic lowers lipids and increases antioxidant capacity in plasma of rats. NutritionResearch, 26(7):362-368. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.06.008
13. Haliloglu, Y., Ozek, T., Tekin, M., Goger, F., Base, K. H. C., & Ozek, G. (2017). Phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antityrosinase activities of Achillea sivasica Çelik and Akpulat. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(1): 693-706. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1308954
14. Hammad, H. M., Albu, C., Matar, S. A., Litescu, S. C., Al Jaber, H. I., Abualraghib, A. S., & Afifi, F. U. (2013). Biological activities of the hydro-alchoholic and aqueous extracts of Achillea biebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae) grown in Jordan. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 (25): 1686-1694. doi: 10.4236/ns.2014.61005
15. Keser S., Celik, S., Turkoglu, S., Yilmaz, Ö., & Turkoglu, I. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of water and ethanol extracts from Achillea millefolium L. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10 (3) (2013), p. 385
16. Kundaković, T., Dukić, N. M., & Kovačević, N. (2005). Free radical scavenging activity of Achillea alexandri-regis extracts. Fitoterapia, 76 (6): 574-576. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.023
17. Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4 (8): 118. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902
18. Mert, H., İrak, K., Çibuk, S., Yıldırım, S., Mert, N., 2020. The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose induced metabolic syndrome. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 1-9.
19. Meydan, İ., Seckin, H., 2021. Green synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Helichrysum arenarium extract. Int. J. of Agr. Env. and Food Sci. 5(1):33-41. doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2021.1.5
20. Meydan, İ., Kizil, G., Demir, H., Toptanci, B. C., & Kizil, M. (2020). In vitro DNA damage, protein oxidation protective activity and antioxidant potentials of almond fruit (Amygdalus trichamygdalus) parts (hull and drupe) using soxhlet ethanol extraction. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s13596-020-00491-1
21. Mirahmadi, S. F., & Reza, N. (2017).Chemical composition, phenolic content, free radical scavenging and antifungal activities of Achillea biebersteinii. Food Bioscience, 18: 53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.04.004
22. Oke, F., Aslim, B., Ozturk, S., & Altundag, S. (2009). Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Food Chemistry, 112 (4): 874-879. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.061
23. Ozdek U, Seckin H, Cibuk S., 2020 Investigation of Antimicrobial Effects of Amygdalus Trichamygdalus (Sweet Almond) and Amygdalus nana L. (Bitter Almond) Plants. Van Vet J. 31 (1), 22-26.
24. Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., & Apak, R. (2011). The main and modified cuprac methods of antioxidant measurement. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30 (4): 652-664. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.11.016
25. Seçkin, H., Meydan, İ. 2021. Synthesis and Characterization of Veronica beccabunga Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for The Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Turk J. Agric. Res. 8(1): 49-55. doi: 10.19159/tutad.805463
26. Sevindik, H., Güvenalp, Z., Yerdelen, K., Yuca, H., & Demirezer, L. Ö. (2015). Research on drug candidate anticholinesterase molecules from Achillea biebersteinii Afan. using by molecular docking and in vitro methods. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 24 (11): 3794-3802. doi: 10.1007/s00044-015-1423-8
27. Sökmen, A., Sökmen, M., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Candan, F., Ünlü, M., & Akpulat, H.A. (2004). The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan (Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Research,18(6):451-456. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1438
28. Teixeira, B., Marques, A., Ramos, C., Neng, N.R., Nogueira, J. M. F., Saraiva, J. A., & Nunes, M. L. (2013). Chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant properties of commercial essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 43: 587-595. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.069
29. Varasteh-Kojourian, M., Abrishamchi, P., Matin, M. M., Asili, J., Ejtehadi, H., & Khosravitabar, F. (2017). Antioxidant, cytotoxic and DNA protective properties of Achillea eriophora DC. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan extracts: A comparative study. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 7 (2): 157.
30. Yildirim, B., Ekici, K., & Rezaeieh, K. A. P (2015). Volatile oil components and antibacterial activity of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. from lake Van Basin, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27 (12): 4686. doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.19408
31. Zengin, G., Bulut, G., Mollica, A., Haznedaroglu, M. Z., Dogan, A., & Aktumsek, A. (2017). Bioactivities of Achillea phrygia and Bupleurum croceum based on the composition of phenolic compounds: In vitro and in silico approaches. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 107: 597-608. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.037
32. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64 (4): 555-559. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2