The Relationship Between Schwartz’s Basic Human Values and Psychological Well-Being: Example of Samandağ/Hatay

Öz

The global rise in prosperity has reshaped individuals’ perceptions of mental health and states of well-being. In parallel with this shift, domains within positive psychology -such as well-being, post-traumatic growth, and self-actualization- have gained increasing prominence, moving beyond the mere prevention of organic health problems. Empirical research demonstrates that individuals’ well-being is closely intertwined with personal perceptions. Given the influence of values on subconscious processes, investigating their association with well-being holds considerable importance. A review of the literature indicates that the majority of existing studies have been conducted with university or workplace samples. Consequently, it was deemed necessary to revisit the relationship between values and well-being within a more natural and locally representative sample. For this purpose, the Schwartz Value Orientation Scale and the Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered to 532 participants selected through convenience sampling in the Samandağ district of Hatay. The collected raw data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. The results revealed that the subdimensions of the Schwartz Value Orientation Scale exhibited a low-level positive correlation with psychological well-being. However, no significant association was found between psychological well-being and the religious and spiritual values subdimension, which had been added to the scale. This finding may suggest that individuals navigating the transition from traditionalism to modernity, and subsequently to postmodernity, display a certain degree of cognitive and emotional ambivalence. Regression analysis further demonstrated that the values of benevolence and achievement significantly predicted psychological well-being. In the context of the Samandağ sample, this indicates that benevolence and achievement value orientations positively influence individuals’ psychological well-being. Future research focusing on the interplay between psychological well-being and values could help identify which types of values more strongly predict individuals’ sense of peace and happiness. Furthermore, the religious and ethnic diversity of the sample may imply that social coexistence is grounded not in religious distinctions or individualism, but in shared values such as benevolence and achievement. The absence of a significant relationship involving the religious–spiritual values subdimension may be attributable to its content reflecting predominantly Sunni doctrine. The distinctive characteristics of the sample contribute to the originality of the study. Notably, the emergence of benevolence and achievement as significant predictors of psychological well-being warrants consideration in the formulation of both individual and societal strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychology of Religion
• Psychology of Values
• Schwartz’s Basic Human Values
• Psychological Well-Being

Schwartz'ın Temel İnsani Değerleri ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Hatay/Samandağ Örneği

Öz

Dünya genelindeki refah seviyesinin artışı, bireylerin ‘iyi olma’ halleri ve mental sağlık algılarını yeniden şekillendirmiştir. Bu gelişmeyle birlikte, sadece organik sağlık sorunlarından kaçınmanın ötesinde, ‘iyi oluş’, travma sonrası büyüme, ‘kendini gerçekleştirme’ gibi pozitif psikoloji alanları giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Araştırmalar, bireylerin iyi oluş hallerinin, kişisel algılarla derin bir ilişki içinde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Değerlerin bilinçaltı süreçler üzerindeki etkisi göz önüne alındığında, iyi oluş düzeyiyle olan bağlantılarının incelenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Literatür taramaları, mevcut çalışmaların çoğunun üniversite ve iş yerleri gibi örneklemlerde gerçekleştirildiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, değerler ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin daha doğal ve yerel bir örneklemde yeniden ele alınması gerektiği düşünülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Hatay’ın Samandağ ilçesinde kolayda örnekleme tekniğiyle seçilen 532 katılımcıya “Schwartz Değer Yönelimleri Ölçeği” ve “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği” uygulanmış, elde edilen ham veriler korelasyon ve regresyon analizleriyle çözümlenmiştir. Ulaşılan bulgulara göre Schwartz Değer Yönelimleri Ölçeğinin alt boyutları, psikolojik iyi oluş ile düşük düzeyde pozitif ilişki gösterirmiştir. Bununla birlikte ölçeğe eklenen dini-manevi değerler alt boyut ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Bu bulgular; geleneksellikten modernliğe oradan da postmodernliğe doğru geçiş süreci yaşayan bireylerin bilişsel ve duygusal anlamda ikircikli bir özelik arz ettiği şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre “iyilikseverlik” ve “başarı” alt kategorisinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyini anlamlı şekilde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç; Samandağ örnekleminde iyilikseverlik ve başarı değer yöneliminin bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluş hallerini olumu yönde etkilediği şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Sonraki çalışmalarda psikolojik iyilik hali ile değerler arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmak, hangi değer türlerinin bireyin huzur ve mutluluk düzeylerini daha fazla yordadığını anlamaya imkân sağlayabilir. Bununla birlikte örneklemin dini ve etnik olarak çoğulcu bir yapıda olması, birlikte yaşamanın dini farklılıklar ve bireyselleşme üzerinden değil “iyilikseverlik” ve başarı” değerleri üzerinden mümkün olabileceği şekinde yorumlanabilir. Ölçekteki din-manevi değerlerin muhteva olarak Sünni doktrini çağrıştırıcı olması sonuçların ilişkisiz çıkmasına neden olmuş olabilir. Örneklemin özgünlüğü, çalışmayı orijinal hale getirmektedir. Özellikle iyilikseverlik ve başarı değerlerinin psikolojik iyi oluşu yordayıcı bir faktör olarak ortaya çıkması, geliştirilecek bireysel ve toplumsal stratejilerde dikkate alınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din Psikolojisi
• Değerler Psikolojisi
• Schwartz Temel İnsani Değerler
• Psikolojik İyi Oluş

Kaynakça

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