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Climatic and Tectonic-controlled terraces of the Kirmir Stream, Central Anatolia - Turkiye

Yıl 2023, , 114 - 136, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1332862

Öz

Kirmir Stream is a tributary of the Sakarya River, which drains the waters of the western part of the orogenic Central Anatolia Plateau. Kirmir Stream, which takes its source from the vicinity of Kızılcahamam, joins the Sakarya River to the southwest of Beypazarı. The Kirmir valley, which extends approximately E-W direction in the north of the Kırbaşı Plateau, is mainly controlled by faults. These faults have an important role in the asymmetry of the valley and on the some of terrace staircases. During our research in the Kirmir Stream Valley, 23 terrace staircases that preserved alluvial (channel, floodplain and alluvial fan) deposits were found. These terraces are distributed on the valley slopes at levels ranging from 5 m (T1) to 187 m (T23) above the current river level. Although the terrace staircases have not been dated yet, it can be said that these terraces are of middle-late Pleistocene age, considering that incising the valley of the Kirmir Stream concurrently with the Sakarya River for about 700 m in the last 4 Ma. This data also shows that the study area is affected by a rapid regional uplift compared to the central and southern parts of the Central Anatolia Plateau.

Kaynakça

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Kirmir Çayı’nın İklim ve Tektonik Kontrollü Sekileri, İç Anadolu - Türkiye

Yıl 2023, , 114 - 136, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1332862

Öz

Kirmir Çayı orojenik İç Anadolu Platosu’nun batı kısmının sularını toplayan Sakarya Nehri’nin bir koludur. Kaynağını Kızılcahamam yakınlarından alan Kirmir Çayı, Beypazarı’nın güneybatısında Sakarya Nehri’ne dahil olur. Kırbaşı Platosunun kuzeyinde yaklaşık olarak D-B uzanışlı olan Kirmir vadisi faylar tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Bu faylar vadinin asimetrik olmasında ve bazı seki basamaklarının morfolojisi üzerinde önemli bir pay sahibidir. Kirmir Çayı vadisinde yaptığımız araştırmada eski alüvyon deposu korunmuş olan 23 seki basamağı saptanmıştır. Bu sekiler vadi yamaçlarında güncel nehir seviyesinden 5 m (T1) ile 187 m (T23) arasında değişen seviyelerde dağılış gösterir. Sekiler henüz tarihlendirilmemiş olmakla birlikte Kirmir Çayı’nın, Sakarya Nehri ile eş zamanlı olarak vadisini son 4 My’da yaklaşık 700 m kazdığı ve bu sekilerin orta-geç Pleyistosen yaşında oldukları söylenebilir. Bu veri aynı zamanda çalışma alanının İç Anadolu Platosunun orta ve güney kesimlerine göre hızlı bir bölgesel yükselmenin etkisinde kaldığını gösterir.

Kaynakça

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  • Avşin, N., Erturaç, M. K., Şahiner, E., Demir, T. (2021) The Quaternary Climatic and Tectonic Development of the Murat River Valley (Mus Basin, Eastern Turkey) as Recorded by Fluvial Deposits Dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence. Quaternary 4(29), 10.3390/quat4030029
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  • Bayer-Altın, T., Altın, B.N, Öztürk, M.Z. (2017) Climatic and tectonıc effects on terrace formation during the late quaternary ın the upper Yeşilırmak valley, northern Turkey. Geogr. Fis. Dinam. Quat. 40, 12-136.
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  • Koçyiğit, A. (1992) Southward-vergent imbricate thrust zone in Yuvaköy: a record of the latest compressional event related to the collisional tectonic regime in Ankara-Erzincan suture zone. TPJD Bülteni 4, 111-118.
  • Koçyiğit, A., Türkmenoğlu, A., Beyhan, A., Kaymakçı, N., Akyol, E. (1995) Post-collisional tectonics of Eskisehir-Ankara-Çankiri segment of Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (IAESZ): Ankara orogenic phase. TPJD Bülteni 6, 69-86.
  • Kurtuluş, C., Bozkurt, A. (2009) Çayırhan İlçesi’nin, Ankara, Zemin Özelliklerinin Jeofizik ve Geoteknik Yöntemlerle Araştırılması. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Sayı:2, 15-27.
  • Leopold, L.B., Wolman, L.G., Miller, J., 1964. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. Lewin, J., Gibbard, P.L. (2010) Quaternary river terraces in England: forms, sediments and processes. Geomorphology 120, 293-311.
  • Lewin, J., Gibbard, P.L. (2010) Quaternary river terraces in England: forms, sediments and processes. Geomorphology 120, 293-311.
  • Liu, X., Sun, Y., Vandenberghe, J., Cheng, P., Zhang, X., Gowan, EJ., Lohmann, G., An, Z. (2020) Centennial- to millennial-scale monsoon changes since the last deglaciation linked to solar activities and North Atlantic cooling. Clim. Past 16, 315–324.
  • Lu, H.Y., Vandenberghe, J., Miao, X.D., Tan, H.B., Ma, H.Z. (2006) Evidence for an abrupt climatic reversal during the Last Interglacial on the northeast Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary International 154-155, 136-140.
  • Lu, H.Y., Wang, X., Wang, X., Sun, X.F., Yi, S.W., Zhou, Y.L., Liu, Q.Y., Swinehart, J., Vandenberghe, J. (2012) Palaeoclimatic changes in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau revealed by magnetostratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility analysis of thick loess deposits. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 91, 189 – 198.
  • Ma, Z., Peng, T., Fen, Z., Li, X, Song, C., Wang, Q., Tian, W., Zhao., X. (2023) Tectonic and climate controls on river terrace formation on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from a terrace record of the Huangshui River. Qyaternary International 656, 16-25.
  • Maddy, D., Bridgland, D., Westaway, R. (2001) Uplift driven valley incision and climate- controlled river terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK. Quaternary International 79, 23–36.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., Schriek T., Westaway, R. (2005) An obliquity-controlled Early Pleistocene river terraces record from western Turkey? Quaternary Research, 63, 339-346.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., Schriek T., Westaway, R. (2008) The Early Pleistocene development of the Gediz River, Western Turkey: An uplift-driven, climate-controlled system? Quaternary International, 189, 115-128.
  • Maddy, D., Veldkamp, A., Demir, T., van Gorp, W., Wijbrans, JR., van Hinsbergen, DJJ, Dekkers, MJ., Schreve, D., Schoorl, JM., Scaife, R., Stemerdink, C., vanderSchriek, T., Bridgland, DR., Aytaç, A.S. (2017) The Gediz River fluvial archive: A benchmark for Quaternary research in Western Anatolia. Quaternary Science Reviews 166, 289- 306.
  • Maddy, D., Veldkamp, A., Demir, T., Aytaç, A.S., Schoorl, J. M., Scaife, R., Boomer, I., Stemerdink, C., Schriek, T., Aksay, S., & Lievens, C. (2020) Early Pleistocene river terraces of the Gediz River, Turkey: The role of faulting, fracturing, volcanism and travertinesin their genesis. Geomorphology358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107102
  • Meijers, M.J.M., Brocard, G.Y., Cosca, M.A., Lüdecke, T., Teyssier, C., Whitney, D.L., Mulch, A. (2018) Rapid late 412 Miocene surface uplift of the Central Anatolian Plateau margin. Earth and Planetary 413 Science Letters 497, 29–41.
  • Meijers, M.J.M., Brocard, G.Y., Whitney, D.L., Mulch, A. (2020) Paleoenvironmental conditions and drainage evolution of the central Anatolian lake system (Turkey) during late Miocene to Pliocene surface uplift. Geosphere 16, 1–20.
  • Okay, A., Zattın, M., Özcan, E., Sunal, G. (2021) Uplift of Anatolia. Turkish J Earth Sci 29, 696-713. Rojay, B. and Karaca, A. (2008) Post-Miocene deformation in the south of the Galatean Volcanic Province, NW of central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 17, 653- 672.
  • Rojay, B. and Karaca, A. (2008) Post-Miocene deformation in the south of the Galatean Volcanic Province, NW of central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 17, 653- 672.
  • Schumm, S. (1979) Geomorphic Thresholds: The Concept and its Applications. Transcations Institute British Geographers 4, 485–515.
  • Schumm S. A., Dumont J., Holbrook J. M. (2000) Active Tectonics and Alluvial Rivers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Kazancı, N., Karakuş, K., Fodor, L., Araz, H., Karadenizli, L. (1997) Does continuous compressive tectonic regime exist during Late Paleogene to Late Neogene in NW central Anatolia, Turkey? Preliminary observations. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 6, 77-83.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Aktuğ, B., Karadenizli, L., Kaypak, B., Şen, Ş., Kazancı, N., Işık, V., Esat, K., Parlak, O., Varol, B., Saraç, G., İleri, İ. (2009) A late Pliocene - Quaternary pinched crustal wedge in NW central Anatolia, Turkey: a neotectonic structure accommodating the internal deformation of the Anatolian plate. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 52, 121-154.
  • Seyitoğlu, G., Esat, K., Kaypak, B. (2017) One of the Main Neotectonic Structures in the NW Central Anatolia: Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone And Related Fault-Propagation Folds. Bull. Min. Res. Exp. 154, 1-14.
  • Specialea P.A., Catlosa, E.J., Yıldız, G.O., Shina, T.A., Black, K.N. (2014) Zircon ages from the Beypazarı granitoid pluton (north central Turkey): tectonic implications. Geodinamica Acta 25:3-4, 162-182.
  • Starkel, L. (2003) Climatically controlled terraces in uplifting mountain areas. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 2189–2198.
  • Şahin, M., Yaltırak, C., Karacık, Z. (2019) A case study of compression to escape tectonic transition: Tectonic evolution of the Nallıhan Wedge and comparison with the Tercan Wedge (Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 174, 311-331.
  • Şentürk, M, Tagliasacchi, E., Yağmurlu, F. (2019) Depositional features and coal potential of the Gölbaşı- Bahçeköy Neogene Basin, Ankara (Central Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12: 519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4660-1
  • Tekin, E., Varol, B., Ayyıldız, T. (2008) A rare natural gypsum ooıde (gypsolıtes) in an evaporitic playa lake of late Miocene (?) to Pliocene age in Central Anatolıa, Turkey. Carbonates and Evaporites 23, 50-59.
  • Vandenberghe J. (2002) The relation between climate and river processes, landforms and deposits during the Quaternary. Quaternary International 91, 17-23.
  • Vandenberghe, J. (2008) The fluvial cycle and cold-warm-cold transition in lowland regions: a refinement of theory. Geomorphology, 98, 275-284.
  • Vandenberhge, J. (2015) River terraces as a response to climatic forcing: Formation processes, sedimentary characteristics and sites for human occupation. Quaternary International 370, 3-11.
  • Wang, X., Vandenberghe, D., Yi, S., Vandenberghe, J., Lu, H., Balen, R.V., Haute, P.V.D. (2013) Late Quaternary paleoclimatic and geomorphological evolution at the interface between the Menyuan basin and the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Research 80, 534- 544.
  • Wang, X., Vandenberghe, J., Yi, S., Van Balen, R., Lu, H. (2015) Climate-dependent fluvial architecture and processes on a suborbital timescale in areas of rapid tectonic uplift: An example from the NE Tibetan Plateau. Globaland Planetary Change133, 318–329.
  • Wang, X., Vandenberghe, F., Huayu, L., Van Balen, R. (2017) Climatic and tectonic controls on the fluvial morphology of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (China). Geogr. Sci. 27, 1325-1340.
  • Westaway, R., Pringle, M., Yurtmen, S., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Rowbotham, G., Maddy, D. (2003) Pliocene and Quaternary surface uplift of western Turkey revealed by long- term river terrace sequences. Current Science 84, 1090–1101.
  • Westaway, R., Pringle, M., Yurtmen, S., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Rowbotham, G., Maddy, D. (2004) Pliocene and Quaternary surface uplift of western Turkey: the Gediz River terrace staircase and the volcanism at Kula. Tectonophysics 391, 121–1.
  • Yağmurlu, F., Helvacı, C., İnci, U. (1988) Depositional setting and geometric structure of the Beypazarı lignite deposits, Central Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Coal Geology, 10 337-360.
  • Yağmurlu, F., Helvacı, C. (1994) Sedimentological characteristics and facies of the evaporite- bearing Kirmir Formation (Neogene), Beypazari Basin, central Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentology 41, 847-860.
  • Yürür, M.T., Temel, A., Köse, O. (2002) Evidences of extensional tectonics at the southern boundary of the Galatean Volcanic Province, NW central Anatolia. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 45, 85-98.
  • Zoroğlu O, Kadıoğlu Y, K. (2004) Amphiboles as a petrogenetic indicator of granitoid enclaves: Oymamağaç¸, Turkey. Goldschimidt 2004 Copenhagen, 5.5.55, A674
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Jeoformoloji ve Yüzey Örtü Süreçleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Suzan Altıparmak 0000-0002-4449-0895

Uğur Doğan 0000-0002-1300-3484

Ali Koçyiğit 0000-0002-0026-2831

Serdar Yeşilyurt 0000-0002-2896-9644

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Altıparmak, S., Doğan, U., Koçyiğit, A., Yeşilyurt, S. (2023). Kirmir Çayı’nın İklim ve Tektonik Kontrollü Sekileri, İç Anadolu - Türkiye. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi(11), 114-136. https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1332862
Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi ( JADER ) / Journal of Geomorphological Researches
TR Dizin - DOAJ - DRJIASOS İndeks - Scientific Indexing Service - CrossrefGoogle Scholar tarafından taranmaktadır. 
Jeomorfoloji Derneği  / Turkish Society for Geomorphology ( www.jd.org.tr )