First evidence of microplastic deposition in snow from Turkey

Yıl 2023, , 95 - 102, 31.03.2023

Nebil Yücel , Ersin Tutsak , Ece Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1233006

Cited By: 3

Öz

Microplastic pollution in snow was investigated in top of the Amanos Mountain in Hatay region, southern Turkey. Snow samples were collected from four stations located in different heights and fronts of the mountain. Abundance of microplastic ranged from 10.5 to 16 MP per liter and a total of 519 microplastic particles (MPs) were identified in snow samples. The majority of identified microplastic were fiber (>99%), black in color and 0.5 – 2.5 mm (62%) size class and polyester (35%). This is the first study examining the microplastic pollution in snow from Turkey. Local wind and trajectory analyses revealed that MPs appeared in the sampling region originated from closely located Amik Plain and/or were transported from remote areas with northwesterly and southerly airflows.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microplastics, Snow, Atmospheric transport, Amanos Mountain, Pollution

Teşekkür

We acknowledge the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)

Türkiye'den karda mikroplastik birikimine dair ilk kanıt

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Hatay ilinde bulunan Amonas Dağından alan kar numunelerinde mikroplastik varlığı araştırılmıştır. Kar örneklerin dağın 4 farklı yükseklikteki yamacından alınmıştır. Örneklerdeki mikroplastik bolluğu litre başına 10.5 ile 16 mikroplastik parçası (MP) arasında değişim göstermiş olup toplamda 519 adet MP tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen makalelerin büyük kısmı fiber şeklinde (>99%), siyah renkli, 0.5-2.5 mm (62%) boyut aralığına sahiptir ve en yaygın tespit edilen polimer polyester (35%) olarak bulunmuştur. Bu, Türkiye'den kardaki mikroplastik kirliliğini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Yerel rüzgar ve yörünge analizleri, MP'lerin örnekleme bölgesinde ortaya çıktığını ve yakın konumdaki Amik Ovası'ndan kaynaklandığını ve/veya kuzeybatı ve güney hava akımları ile uzak bölgelerden taşındığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microplastics, Snow, Atmospheric transport, Amanos Mountain

Kaynakça

• Abbasi, S. (2021). Microplastics washout from the atmosphere during a monsoon rain event. Journal of Hazardous Matererials Advances, 4, 100035. DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2021.100035.
• Abbasi, S., Alirezazadeh, M., Razeghi, N., Rezaei, M., Pourmahmood, H., Dehbandi, R., Mehr, M. R., Ashayeri, S.Y., Oleszczuk, P. & Turner, A. (2022). Microplastics captured by snowfall: A study in Northern Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 822, 153451. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153451.
• Al-Jaibachi, R., Cuthbert, R.N. & Callaghan, A. (2019). Examining effects of ontogenic microplastic transference on Culex mosquito mortality and adult weight. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 871-876. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.236.
• Allen, S., Allen, D., Baladima, F., Phoenix, V.R., Thomas, J.L., Le Roux, G. & Sonke, J.E. (2021). Evidence of free tropospheric and long- range transport of microplastic at Pic du Midi Observatory. Nature Communication, 12. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27454-7.
• Allen, S., Allen, D., Phoenix, V.R., Le Roux, G., Jimenez, P.D., Simonneau, A., Binet, S. & Galop, D. (2019). Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment. Nature Geoscience, 12, 339-344.
• Atamanalp, M., Köktürk, M., Parlak, V., Ucar, A., Arslan, G. & Alak, G. (2022). A new record for the presence of microplastics in dominant fish species of the Karasu River Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 29, 7866-7876. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021- 16243-w.
• Bergmann, M., Mützel, S., Primpke, S., Tekman, M.B., Trachsel, J. & Gerdts, G. (2019). White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic. Science Advances, 5, 1-11. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1157.
• Betts, K. (2008). Why small plastic particles may pose a big problem in the oceans. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 8995.
• Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G. L., Moore, S.L. & Moore, C. J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific central gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60, 2275-2278.
• Brahney, J., Hallerud, M., Heim, E., Hahnenberger, M. & Sukumaran, S. (2020). Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States. Science, 80, 368, 1257-1260. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5819.
• Chen, L., Zhi, X., Shen, Z., Dai, Y. & Aini, G. (2018). Comparison between snowmelt-runoff and rainfall-runoff nonpoint source pollution in a typical urban catchment in Beijing, China. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 25, 2377-2388.
• Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R. & et al. (2013). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 6646-6655.
• Davison, P. & Asch, R.G. (2011). Plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Marine Ecology Progres Series, 432, 173-180.
• Draxler, R.R. & Hess, G.D. (1998). An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modelling system for trajectories, dispersion and deposition. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 47, 295-308.
• Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Saad, M., Mirande, C. & Tassin, B. (2016). Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: A source of microplastics in the environment? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 104, 290-293. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006.
• Evangeliou, N., Grythe, H., Klimont, Z., Heyes, C., Eckhardt, S., Lopez-Aparicio, S. & Stohl, A. (2020). Atmospheric transport is a major pathway of microplastics to remote regions. Nature Communication, 11. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020- 17201-9.
• Enyoh, C.E., Shafea, L., Verla, A.W., Verla, E.N., Qingyue, W., Chowdhury, T. & Paredes, M. (2020). Microplastics exposure routes and toxicity studies to ecosystems: an overview. Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology, 35(1), e2020004. DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2020004.
• Eriksson, C. & Burton H. (2003). Origins and biological accumulation of small plastic particles in fur seals from Macquarie Island. Ambio, 32 (6):380-4. PMID: 14627365. DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447- 32.6.380.
• Fossi, M.C., Panti, C., Guerranti, C., Coppola, D., Giannetti, M. & et al. (2012). Are baleen whales exposed to the threat of microplastics? A case study of the Mediterranean finwhale (Balaenoptera physalus). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64, 2374-2379.
• Free, C.M., Jensen, O.P., Mason, S.A., Eriksen, M., Williamson, N.J. & Boldgiv, B. (2014). High- levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 85, 156-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001.
• Goldstein, M.C. & Goodwin, D.S. (2013). Gooseneck barnacles (Lepas spp.) ingest microplastic debris in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Peer J, 1, e184.
• González-Pleiter, M., Edo, C., Aguilera, Á., Viúdez- Moreiras, D., Pulido-Reyes, G., González- Toril, E., Osuna, S., de Diego-Castilla, G., Leganés, F., Fernández-Piñas, F. & Rosal, R. (2021). Occurrence and transport of microplastics sampled within and above the planetary boundary layer. Science of the Total Environment, 761, 143213. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143213.
• González-Pleiter, M., Lacerot, G., Edo, C., Pablo- Lozoya, J., Leganés, F., Fernández-Piñas, F., Rosal, R. & Teixeira-de-Mello, F. (2020). Brief communication: Atmospheric dry deposition of microplastics and mesoplastics in an Antarctic glacier: The case of the expanded polystyrene. The Cryosphere Discussion, 1, 1-11.
• Hanke, G., Galgani, F., Werner, S., Oosterbaan, L., Nilsson, P., Fleet, D., Kinsey, S., Thompson, R., Van Franeker, J.A., Vlachogianni, T., Palatinus, A., Scoullos, M., Veiga, J.M., Matiddi, M., Alcaro, L., Maes, T., Korpinen, S., Budziak, A., Leslie, H., Gago, J. & Liebezeit, G. (2013). Guidance on Monitoring of Marine Litter in European Seas. European Commission. http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1649.
• Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E. & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141.
• Jamieson, A.J., Brooks, L.S.R., Reid, W.D.K., Piertney, S.B., Narayanaswamy, B.E. & Linley, T.D. (2019). Microplastics and synthetic particles ingested by deep-sea amphipods in six of the deepest marine ecosystems on Earth. Royal Society Open Science, 6. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180667.
• Jylhä, K. (2000). Removal by snowfall of emissions from a coal-fired power station: Observations and modelling. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 120, 397-420. DOI: 10.1023/a:1005222803234.
• Kılıç, E., Yücel, N., & Şahutoğlu, S. M. (2022). First record of microplastic occurence at the commercial fish from Orontes River. Environmental Pollution, 307, 119576.
• Kılıç, E., & Yücel, N. (2022). Microplastic occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract and gill of bioindicator fish species in the northeastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 177, 113556.
• Ming, J. & Wang, F. (2021). Microplastics’ hidden contribution to snow melting. EOS Transactions American Geophysical Union, 102. DOI: 10.1029/2021EO155631.
• Mutlu, T., Gedik, K., & Eryaşar, A.R. (2022). Investigation of microplastic accumulation in horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) caught in the black sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(4), 561- 567. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.1204060.
• Murray, F. & Cowie, P.R. (2011). Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1207-1217.
• Napper, I.E., Davies, B.F.R., Clifford, H., Elvin, S., Koldewey, H.J., Mayewski, P.A., Miner, K.R., Potocki, M., Elmore, A.C., Gajurel, A.P. & Thompson, R.C. (2020). Reaching new heights in plastic pollution - preliminary findings of microplastics on mount everest. One Earth, 3, 621-630. DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.020.
• Padha, S., Kumar, R., Dhar, A. & Sharma, P. (2022). Microplastic pollution in mountain terrains and foothills: A review on source, extraction, and distribution of microplastics in remote areas. Environmental Research, 207, 112232. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112232.
• Parolini, M., Antonioli, D., Borgogno, F., Gibellino, M.C., Fresta, J., Albonico, C., De Felice, B., Canuto, S., Concedi, D., Romani, A., Rosio, E., Gianotti, V., Laus, M., Ambrosini, R. & Cavallo, R. (2021). Microplastic contamination in snow from western Italian alps. International ournal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1-10. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020768.
• Rehm, R., Zeyer, T., Schmidt, A. & Fiener, P. (2021). Soil erosion as transport pathway of microplastic from agriculture soils to aquatic ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 795, 148774. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148774.
• Ryan, P.G., Moore, C.J., van Franeker, J.A. & Moloney, C.L. (2009). Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 1999-2012.
• Shao, L., Li, Y., Jones, T., Santosh, M., Liu, P., Zhang, M., Xu, L., Li, W., Lu, J., Yang, C.X., Zhang, D., Feng, X. & BéruBé, K. (2022). Airborne microplastics: A review of current perspectives and environmental implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 347. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131048.
• Stein, A.F., Draxler, R.R., Rolph, G.D., Stunder, B.J.B., Cohen, M.D. & Ngan, F. (2015). NOAA’s hysplit atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96, 2059-2077. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1.
• Su, L., Xiong, X., Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Xu, X., Sun, C. & Shi, H. (2022). Global transportation of plastics and microplastics: A critical review of pathways and influences. Science of the Total Environment, 831, 154884. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154884.
• Wright, S.L., Thompson, R.C. & Galloway, T.S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environmental Pollution, 178, 483–492.
• Yıldız, D., Yalçın, G., Jovanović, B., Boukal, D. S., Vebrová, L., Riha, D., Stanković, J., Savić- Zdraković, D., Metin, M., Akyürek, Y.N., Balkanlı, D., Filiz, N., Milošević, D., Feuchtmayr, H., Richardson, J.A. & Beklioğlu, M. (2022). Effects of a microplastic mixture differ across trophic levels and taxa in a freshwater food web: In situ mesocosm experiment. Science of the Total Environment, 155407. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155407.
• Zhao, S., Yu, Y., He, J., Yin, D. & Wang, B. (2015). Below-cloud scavenging of aerosol particles by precipitation in a typical valley city, northwestern China. Atmospheric Environment, 102, 70-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.051.
• Zhu, H., Xu, Y., Yan, B. & Guan, J. (2012). Snow melt runoff: a new focus of urban nonpoint source pollution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9, 4333-4345.